The Dragon Archive - User contributions [en]

Monitors

2025-08-29T19:58:23Z

Jedie:

= Monitors =

These TFT monitors or TVs have been confirmed to work well with the monitor output on the Dragon:
* Acer AL1731 (RCA input, tested with PAL Dragon-32)
** sometimes gets SECAM/PAL wrong when switching modes

These TFT monitors or TVs are confirmed to work to some degree:
* Philips Brilliance 200P3 ([http://archive.worldofdragon.org/phpBB3/viewtopic.php?f=5&t=4875&p=11274#p11274 forum post]):
** Dragon 32: works fine, with colour and clean picture.
** Dragon 64: works but no colour :(
** Dragon Tano: not clean picture, green color, but blurred and some vertical lines missed.

* HYUNDAI Model: L19T Type: L19A0D061 ([http://archive.worldofdragon.org/phpBB3/viewtopic.php?f=5&t=4875&p=11526#p11526 forum post]):
** Dragon 32 and 64: Works ok with colour. Not total smooth, but that's normal, isn't it?

These don't seem to work at all:
* HP L2335 (and likely L2035) - ([http://archive.worldofdragon.org/phpBB3/viewtopic.php?f=5&t=4875&p=11250#p11242 forum post])
* Dell 2007WFP
* Samsung UE22D5000NW LCD TV

These monitors have composite input, according to published specifications, but compatibility is not known:
* Dell 2001FP
* Acer AL1931
* Acer AL732
* Compaq TFT8030
* Samsung Syncmaster 2032MW
* Samsung SyncMaster 214T
* HP LP2475W
* LG Flatron??

[[Category:Documentation]] [[Category:Hardware]] [[Category:Peripherals]]

Serial Numbers

2023-08-11T10:17:53Z

Jedie: https://archive.worldofdragon.org/phpBB3/viewtopic.php?p=24399

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Dragon 32 Serial Numbers (White Label)
|-
! Serial Number !! Model !! Factory
|-
| 000349 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 000610 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 000943 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 001424 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 001510 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 001776 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 002464 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 003300 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 004524 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 004553 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 005464 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 007632 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 013110 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 018343 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 019405 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 021235 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 012157 EC || Dragon 32 || Caceres
|-
| 024397 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 029156 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 033793 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 034062 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 035488 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 035688 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 035722 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 047598 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 051466 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 051493 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 052194 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 052845 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 053007 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 057333 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 057402 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 059553 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 064870 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 080799 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 085842 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 094662 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 103566 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 107235 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 107656 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 109635 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 112306 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 112463 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 118291 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 133913 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 154942 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 155244 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 155938 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 158756 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 166689 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 208013 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 209509 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 210479 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 212734 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 237196 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 237766 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 243249 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 246870 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 247566 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 249677 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 249678 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 251378 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 253680 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 254481 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 255254 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 258711 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 294353 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 294992 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 296432 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 318363 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 350581 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Dragon 64 Serial Numbers (Yellow Label)
|-
! Serial Number !! Model !! Factory
|-
| 000078 LT || Dragon 64 || Port Talbot
|-
| 001215 LT || Dragon 64 || Port Talbot
|-
| 002081 LT || Dragon 64 || Port Talbot
|-
| 004524 LT || Dragon 64 || Port Talbot
|-
| 004860 LT || Dragon 64 || Port Talbot
|-
| 004948 LT || Dragon 64 || Port Talbot
|-
| 005572 LT || Dragon 64 || Port Talbot
|-
| 007682 LT || Dragon 64 || Port Talbot
|-
| 010899 LT || Dragon 64 || Port Talbot
|-
| 010931 LT || Dragon 64 || Port Talbot
|-
| 011781 LT || Dragon 64 || Port Talbot
|-
| 012284 LT || Dragon 64 || Port Talbot
|-
| 012512 LT || Dragon 64 || Port Talbot
|-
| 012556 LT || Dragon 64 || Port Talbot
|-
| 012752 LT || Dragon 64 || Port Talbot
|-
| 013264 LT || Dragon 64 || Port Talbot
|-
| 015707 LT || Dragon 64 || Port Talbot
|-
| 016566 LT || Dragon 64 || Port Talbot
|-
| 016950 LT || Dragon 64 || Port Talbot
|-
| 019151 LT || Dragon 64 || Port Talbot
|-
| 019189 LT || Dragon 64 || Port Talbot
|-
| 21142 DH || Dragon 64 || Port Talbot
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Dragon 64 (EUROHARD) Serial Numbers (Red Label)
|-
! Serial Number !! Model !! Factory
|-
| 004900 EC || Dragon 64 || Caceres
|-
| 005216 || Dragon 64 || Caceres
|-
| 008778 || Dragon 64 || Caceres
|-
| 009403 || Dragon 64 || Caceres
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Dragon 200 (EUROHARD) Serial Numbers (Blue Label)
|-
! Serial Number !! Model !! Factory
|-
| 002245 EC || Dragon 200 || Caceres
|-
| 002653 EC || Dragon 200 || Caceres
|-
| 003597 EC || Dragon 200 || Caceres
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Dragon TANO Serial Numbers
|-
! Serial Number !! Model !! Factory
|-
| 002097 || Dragon 64 || New Orleans
|-
| 002912 || Dragon 64 || New Orleans
|-
| 004521 || Dragon 64 || New Orleans
|-
| 005529 || Dragon 64 || New Orleans
|}

Serial Numbers

2023-08-11T09:00:25Z

Jedie: Move "012157 EC" to Dragon 32 with white label, see: https://forum.classic-computing.de/forum/index.php?thread/25885-zeigt-her-eure-dragon-seriennummern/

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Dragon 32 Serial Numbers (White Label)
|-
! Serial Number !! Model !! Factory
|-
| 000349 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 000610 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 000943 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 001424 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 001510 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 001776 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 002464 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 003300 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 004524 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 004553 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 005464 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 007632 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 013110 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 018343 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 019405 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 021235 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 012157 EC || Dragon 32 || Caceres
|-
| 024397 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 029156 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 033793 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 034062 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 035488 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 035688 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 035722 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 047598 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 051466 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 051493 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 052194 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 052845 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 053007 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 057333 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 057402 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 059553 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 064870 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 080799 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 085842 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 094662 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 103566 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 107235 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 107656 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 109635 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 112306 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 112463 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 118291 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 133913 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 154942 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 155938 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 158756 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 166689 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 208013 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 209509 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 210479 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 212734 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 237196 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 237766 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 243249 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 246870 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 247566 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 249677 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 249678 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 251378 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 253680 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 254481 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 255254 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 258711 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 294353 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 294992 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 296432 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 318363 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 350581 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Dragon 64 Serial Numbers (Yellow Label)
|-
! Serial Number !! Model !! Factory
|-
| 000078 LT || Dragon 64 || Port Talbot
|-
| 001215 LT || Dragon 64 || Port Talbot
|-
| 002081 LT || Dragon 64 || Port Talbot
|-
| 004524 LT || Dragon 64 || Port Talbot
|-
| 004860 LT || Dragon 64 || Port Talbot
|-
| 004948 LT || Dragon 64 || Port Talbot
|-
| 005572 LT || Dragon 64 || Port Talbot
|-
| 007682 LT || Dragon 64 || Port Talbot
|-
| 010899 LT || Dragon 64 || Port Talbot
|-
| 010931 LT || Dragon 64 || Port Talbot
|-
| 011781 LT || Dragon 64 || Port Talbot
|-
| 012284 LT || Dragon 64 || Port Talbot
|-
| 012512 LT || Dragon 64 || Port Talbot
|-
| 012556 LT || Dragon 64 || Port Talbot
|-
| 012752 LT || Dragon 64 || Port Talbot
|-
| 013264 LT || Dragon 64 || Port Talbot
|-
| 015707 LT || Dragon 64 || Port Talbot
|-
| 016566 LT || Dragon 64 || Port Talbot
|-
| 016950 LT || Dragon 64 || Port Talbot
|-
| 019151 LT || Dragon 64 || Port Talbot
|-
| 019189 LT || Dragon 64 || Port Talbot
|-
| 21142 DH || Dragon 64 || Port Talbot
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Dragon 64 (EUROHARD) Serial Numbers (Red Label)
|-
! Serial Number !! Model !! Factory
|-
| 004900 EC || Dragon 64 || Caceres
|-
| 005216 || Dragon 64 || Caceres
|-
| 008778 || Dragon 64 || Caceres
|-
| 009403 || Dragon 64 || Caceres
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Dragon 200 (EUROHARD) Serial Numbers (Blue Label)
|-
! Serial Number !! Model !! Factory
|-
| 002245 EC || Dragon 200 || Caceres
|-
| 002653 EC || Dragon 200 || Caceres
|-
| 003597 EC || Dragon 200 || Caceres
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Dragon TANO Serial Numbers
|-
! Serial Number !! Model !! Factory
|-
| 002097 || Dragon 64 || New Orleans
|-
| 002912 || Dragon 64 || New Orleans
|-
| 004521 || Dragon 64 || New Orleans
|-
| 005529 || Dragon 64 || New Orleans
|}

Serial Numbers

2023-08-11T08:58:50Z

Jedie:

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Dragon 32 Serial Numbers (White Label)
|-
! Serial Number !! Model !! Factory
|-
| 000349 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 000610 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 000943 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 001424 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 001510 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 001776 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 002464 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 003300 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 004524 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 004553 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 005464 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 007632 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 013110 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 018343 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 019405 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 021235 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 024397 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 029156 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 033793 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 034062 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 035488 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 035688 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 035722 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 047598 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 051466 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 051493 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 052194 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 052845 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 053007 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 057333 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 057402 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 059553 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 064870 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 080799 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 085842 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 094662 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 103566 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 107235 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 107656 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 109635 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 112306 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 112463 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 118291 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 133913 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 154942 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 155938 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 158756 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 166689 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 208013 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 209509 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 210479 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 212734 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 237196 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 237766 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 243249 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 246870 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 247566 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 249677 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 249678 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 251378 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 253680 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 254481 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 255254 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 258711 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 294353 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 294992 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 296432 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 318363 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 350581 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Dragon 64 Serial Numbers (Yellow Label)
|-
! Serial Number !! Model !! Factory
|-
| 000078 LT || Dragon 64 || Port Talbot
|-
| 001215 LT || Dragon 64 || Port Talbot
|-
| 002081 LT || Dragon 64 || Port Talbot
|-
| 004524 LT || Dragon 64 || Port Talbot
|-
| 004860 LT || Dragon 64 || Port Talbot
|-
| 004948 LT || Dragon 64 || Port Talbot
|-
| 005572 LT || Dragon 64 || Port Talbot
|-
| 007682 LT || Dragon 64 || Port Talbot
|-
| 010899 LT || Dragon 64 || Port Talbot
|-
| 010931 LT || Dragon 64 || Port Talbot
|-
| 011781 LT || Dragon 64 || Port Talbot
|-
| 012284 LT || Dragon 64 || Port Talbot
|-
| 012512 LT || Dragon 64 || Port Talbot
|-
| 012556 LT || Dragon 64 || Port Talbot
|-
| 012752 LT || Dragon 64 || Port Talbot
|-
| 013264 LT || Dragon 64 || Port Talbot
|-
| 015707 LT || Dragon 64 || Port Talbot
|-
| 016566 LT || Dragon 64 || Port Talbot
|-
| 016950 LT || Dragon 64 || Port Talbot
|-
| 019151 LT || Dragon 64 || Port Talbot
|-
| 019189 LT || Dragon 64 || Port Talbot
|-
| 21142 DH || Dragon 64 || Port Talbot
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Dragon 64 (EUROHARD) Serial Numbers (Red Label)
|-
! Serial Number !! Model !! Factory
|-
| 004900 EC || Dragon 64 || Caceres
|-
| 005216 || Dragon 64 || Caceres
|-
| 008778 || Dragon 64 || Caceres
|-
| 009403 || Dragon 64 || Caceres
|-
| 012157 EC || Dragon 64 || Caceres ([https://forum.classic-computing.de/forum/index.php?thread/25885-zeigt-her-eure-dragon-seriennummern/&postID=329522#post329522 It's a white label])
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Dragon 200 (EUROHARD) Serial Numbers (Blue Label)
|-
! Serial Number !! Model !! Factory
|-
| 002245 EC || Dragon 200 || Caceres
|-
| 002653 EC || Dragon 200 || Caceres
|-
| 003597 EC || Dragon 200 || Caceres
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Dragon TANO Serial Numbers
|-
! Serial Number !! Model !! Factory
|-
| 002097 || Dragon 64 || New Orleans
|-
| 002912 || Dragon 64 || New Orleans
|-
| 004521 || Dragon 64 || New Orleans
|-
| 005529 || Dragon 64 || New Orleans
|}

Serial Numbers

2023-08-11T08:56:04Z

Jedie: Add numbers from: https://forum.classic-computing.de/forum/index.php?thread/25885-zeigt-her-eure-dragon-seriennummern/

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Dragon 32 Serial Numbers (White Label)
|-
! Serial Number !! Model !! Factory
|-
| 000349 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 000610 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 000943 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 001424 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 001510 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 001776 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 002464 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 003300 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 004524 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 004553 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 005464 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 007632 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 013110 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 018343 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 019405 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 021235 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 024397 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 029156 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 033793 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 034062 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 035488 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 035688 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 035722 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 047598 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 051466 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 051493 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 052194 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 052845 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 053007 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 057333 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 057402 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 059553 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 064870 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 080799 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 085842 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 094662 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 103566 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 107235 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 107656 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 109635 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 112306 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 112463 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 118291 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 133913 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 154942 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 155938 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 158756 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 166689 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 208013 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 209509 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 210479 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 212734 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 237196 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 237766 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 243249 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 246870 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 247566 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 249677 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 249678 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 251378 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 253680 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 254481 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 255254 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 258711 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 294353 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 294992 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 296432 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 318363 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 350581 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Dragon 64 Serial Numbers (Yellow Label)
|-
! Serial Number !! Model !! Factory
|-
| 000078 LT || Dragon 64 || Port Talbot
|-
| 001215 LT || Dragon 64 || Port Talbot
|-
| 002081 LT || Dragon 64 || Port Talbot
|-
| 004524 LT || Dragon 64 || Port Talbot
|-
| 004860 LT || Dragon 64 || Port Talbot
|-
| 004948 LT || Dragon 64 || Port Talbot
|-
| 005572 LT || Dragon 64 || Port Talbot
|-
| 007682 LT || Dragon 64 || Port Talbot
|-
| 010899 LT || Dragon 64 || Port Talbot
|-
| 010931 LT || Dragon 64 || Port Talbot
|-
| 011781 LT || Dragon 64 || Port Talbot
|-
| 012284 LT || Dragon 64 || Port Talbot
|-
| 012512 LT || Dragon 64 || Port Talbot
|-
| 012556 LT || Dragon 64 || Port Talbot
|-
| 012752 LT || Dragon 64 || Port Talbot
|-
| 013264 LT || Dragon 64 || Port Talbot
|-
| 015707 LT || Dragon 64 || Port Talbot
|-
| 016566 LT || Dragon 64 || Port Talbot
|-
| 016950 LT || Dragon 64 || Port Talbot
|-
| 019151 LT || Dragon 64 || Port Talbot
|-
| 019189 LT || Dragon 64 || Port Talbot
|-
| 21142 DH || Dragon 64 || Port Talbot
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Dragon 64 (EUROHARD) Serial Numbers (Red Label)
|-
! Serial Number !! Model !! Factory
|-
| 004900 EC || Dragon 64 || Caceres
|-
| 005216 || Dragon 64 || Caceres
|-
| 008778 || Dragon 64 || Caceres
|-
| 009403 || Dragon 64 || Caceres
|-
| 012157 EC || Dragon 64 || Caceres
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Dragon 200 (EUROHARD) Serial Numbers (Blue Label)
|-
! Serial Number !! Model !! Factory
|-
| 002245 EC || Dragon 200 || Caceres
|-
| 002653 EC || Dragon 200 || Caceres
|-
| 003597 EC || Dragon 200 || Caceres
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Dragon TANO Serial Numbers
|-
! Serial Number !! Model !! Factory
|-
| 002097 || Dragon 64 || New Orleans
|-
| 002912 || Dragon 64 || New Orleans
|-
| 004521 || Dragon 64 || New Orleans
|-
| 005529 || Dragon 64 || New Orleans
|}

Serial Numbers

2021-11-01T18:21:45Z

Jedie:

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Dragon 32 Serial Numbers (White Label)
|-
! Serial Number !! Model !! Factory
|-
| 000349 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 000943 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 001424 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 001510 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 001776 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 002464 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 003300 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 004524 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 005464 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 007632 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 018343 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 019405 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 021235 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 024397 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 029156 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 033793 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 034062 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 035488 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 035688 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 035722 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 047598 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 051493 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 052194 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 052845 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 053007 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 057333 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 057402 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 059553 DG || Dragon 32 || Swansea
|-
| 064870 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 080799 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 094662 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 103566 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 107235 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 107656 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 109635 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 112306 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 118291 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 133913 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 155938 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 158756 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 166689 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 208013 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 209509 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 210479 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 212734 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 237196 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 237766 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 243249 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 246870 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 247566 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 249677 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 249678 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 251378 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 253680 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 254481 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 255254 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 258711 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 294353 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 318363 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|-
| 350581 DG || Dragon 32 || Port Talbot
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Dragon 64 Serial Numbers (Yellow Label)
|-
! Serial Number !! Model !! Factory
|-
| 000078 LT || Dragon 64 || Port Talbot
|-
| 001215 LT || Dragon 64 || Port Talbot
|-
| 002081 LT || Dragon 64 || Port Talbot
|-
| 004524 LT || Dragon 64 || Port Talbot
|-
| 004860 LT || Dragon 64 || Port Talbot
|-
| 004948 LT || Dragon 64 || Port Talbot
|-
| 005572 LT || Dragon 64 || Port Talbot
|-
| 007682 LT || Dragon 64 || Port Talbot
|-
| 010899 LT || Dragon 64 || Port Talbot
|-
| 010931 LT || Dragon 64 || Port Talbot
|-
| 011781 LT || Dragon 64 || Port Talbot
|-
| 012284 LT || Dragon 64 || Port Talbot
|-
| 012512 LT || Dragon 64 || Port Talbot
|-
| 012556 LT || Dragon 64 || Port Talbot
|-
| 012752 LT || Dragon 64 || Port Talbot
|-
| 013264 LT || Dragon 64 || Port Talbot
|-
| 015707 LT || Dragon 64 || Port Talbot
|-
| 016566 LT || Dragon 64 || Port Talbot
|-
| 016950 LT || Dragon 64 || Port Talbot
|-
| 019151 LT || Dragon 64 || Port Talbot
|-
| 019189 LT || Dragon 64 || Port Talbot
|-
| 21142 DH || Dragon 64 || Port Talbot
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Dragon 64 (EUROHARD) Serial Numbers (Red Label)
|-
! Serial Number !! Model !! Factory
|-
| 004900 EC || Dragon 64 || Caceres
|-
| 005216 || Dragon 64 || Caceres
|-
| 008778 || Dragon 64 || Caceres
|-
| 009403 || Dragon 64 || Caceres
|-
| 012157 EC || Dragon 64 || Caceres
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Dragon 200 (EUROHARD) Serial Numbers (Blue Label)
|-
! Serial Number !! Model !! Factory
|-
| 002245 EC || Dragon 200 || Caceres
|-
| 002653 EC || Dragon 200 || Caceres
|-
| 003597 EC || Dragon 200 || Caceres
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Dragon TANO Serial Numbers
|-
! Serial Number !! Model !! Factory
|-
| 002097 || Dragon 64 || New Orleans
|-
| 002912 || Dragon 64 || New Orleans
|-
| 004521 || Dragon 64 || New Orleans
|-
| 005529 || Dragon 64 || New Orleans
|}

Repository

2015-08-21T12:09:52Z

Jedie: Category:6809

There are many Software projects around 6809, Dragon and CoCo ...

Here a link collection of theses:

=== ToolShed ===

ToolShed is a package of utilities to perform cross-development from Windows, Linux or Mac OS X computers to the Tandy Color Computer and Dragon microcomputers. Tools are included to read/write both OS-9 RBF disk images and CoCo Disk BASIC disk images, generate cassette WAV files and more.

* Webpage: http://toolshed.sourceforge.net/
* Project page: http://sourceforge.net/projects/toolshed/
* Sourcecode repro: http://sourceforge.net/p/toolshed/code/

=== LWTOOLS ===

LWTOOLS is a set of cross-development tools for the Motorola 6809 and Hitachi 6309 microprocessors. It supports assembling to raw binaries, CoCo LOADM binaries, and a proprietary object file format for later linking. It also supports macros and file inclusion among other things.

* Project page / Sourcecode: http://lwtools.projects.l-w.ca/

=== M6809 computer tools ===

Stuff for the M6809-based Dragon and similar computers.

* https://gitorious.org/m6809-computer-tools

==== conv-tools ====
Various conversion tools for e.g. cassette and disk binary formats.
* https://gitorious.org/m6809-computer-tools/conv-tools

==== dload-dragon ====
Patched DLOAD command for Dragon 32. Uses HDB-DOS DriveWire routines to talk serial on the Dragon printer port.
* https://gitorious.org/m6809-computer-tools/dload-dragon

==== dload-server ====
A server for the DLOAD protocol, to be run on the host computer. Originally written by Burt Mitchell and ported to UNIX by Bryan Clingman.
* https://gitorious.org/m6809-computer-tools/dload-server

=== m6809 ===
Motorola 6809 dev tools: Linux packages '''xroar''', '''lwtools''', '''toolshed'''
* https://launchpad.net/~tormodvolden/+archive/ubuntu/m6809

=== '6809' GitHub organization ===
Stuff around 6809 CPU and homecomputers like Dragon 32/64, CoCo...
* https://github.com/6809/

==== DwLoadServer ====
DWLOAD server implemented in Python
* https://github.com/6809/DwLoadServer

==== dragonlib ====
Python library around 6809 computers like Dragon 32/64, CoCo...
* https://github.com/6809/dragonlib

==== sbc09 ====
sbc09 stands for Lennart Benschop 6809 Single Board Computer.
It contains a assembler and simulator for the Motorola M6809 processor.
* https://github.com/6809/sbc09

==== rom-info ====
Collected Informations/Comments for 6809 ROM Images like Dragon 32 / 64 etc...
* https://github.com/6809/rom-info

Missing links? Just edit this page and insert it ;)

[[Category:Software]] [[Category:6809]]

Dragon Machine Language For The Absolute Beginner

2015-08-21T12:09:10Z

Jedie: Category:6809

[[File:DragonMachineLanguage_Cover.jpg|right|thumb|[http://archive.worldofdragon.org/archive/index.php?dir=Books/&file=DragonMachineLanguage.zip Download]]]
Edited by John Vander Reyden, with contributions from Denver Jeans and Craig McFarlane

Copyright © 1983 Beam Software

Published by Melbourne House

United Kingdom
ISBN 0 86161 130 6

Australia
ISBN 0 86759 125 0

'''From the Rear Cover:'''

Write faster, more powerful space saving programs for your Dragon.

Written exclusively for Dragon users, Dragon Machine Language for the Absolute Beginner offers a complete instruction course in 6809 Machine Language, with particular reference to the Dragon 32.

Even with no previous experience of computer languages, the easy-to-understand ‘no jargon’ format of this book will enable you to discover the power of the Dragon’s own language.

After introducing you to machine language and the 6809 instruction set, the book provides you with a series of short test programs which are designed to demonstrate all the Dragon’s machine language instructions. These programs illustrate the use of the various instructions, their effects and actions, and will enable you to gain a practical understanding of machine language.

You are encouraged to develop routines with all the instructions in order to become familiar with the 6809’s instructions as well as gaining experience in writing short machine language routines.

In addition to learning machine language, there are sample programs designed to demonstrate the power and potential of machine language in extracting the most from your Dragon. You will find that these programs contain routines that you can use when writing your own programs.

In logical steps the book takes you through a comprehensive course in machine language, including understanding assembly language, designing and writing your own programs and a thorough grounding in the purpose and use of each of the instructions in the 6809 Instruction Set.

'''Table of contents'''

# The Beginning
# What is a Micro-computer?
# Computers and Numbers
# What is Machine Language?
# What is Assembly Language?
# The Dragon
# The 6809
# Easy
# Handy
# Let's Get Logical
# Condition Codes
# Stacks and Subroutines
# The 6809 Instruction Set
# Demonstration Programs
# Programming Your Dragon
# Sample Programs
# Colour Set Table
# Graphics Modes
# Handy Memory Locations in the Dragon
# Handy ROM Routines
# ASCII Codes for Keys
# Character Codes
# Base Conversions
# 6809 Instruction Set Summary

[[Category:Book_Not_In_Archive]] [[Category:Book_Online]] [[Category:6809]]

Dragon Machine Code

2015-08-21T12:08:57Z

Jedie: Category:6809

[[File:DragonMachineCode_Cover.jpg|right|thumb]]

Robin Jones and Eric Cowsill

Copyright © Robin Jones and Eric Cowsill 1984

Published by Shiva Publishing Ltd.

ISBN 0 906812 68 2

'''From the rear cover:'''

Bored with BASIC?

Talk to your Dragon in its own language - 6809 machine code! Here's an easy-to-follow guide for the newcomer to machine code, or for the experienced programmer new to the 6809 - one of the most sophisticated chips on the market.

Learn how to:

*do arithmetic - fast!
*create instantaneous text displays
*use the Dragon's system variables
*control arcade-speed moving graphics
*write your own monitor
*put text on the hi-res screen

Seven appendices help you to get the best from your Dragon. These include a complete set of 6809 opcodes and a full monitor listing.

So...what are you waiting for?

[[Category:Book_In_Archive]] [[Category:Book_Not_Online]] [[Category:6809]]

Language Of The Dragon - 6809 Assembler

2015-08-21T12:08:02Z

Jedie: Category:6809

[[File:LanguageOfTheDragon6809Assembler_Cover.jpg|right|thumb]]

Mike James

Copyright © 1983 Mike James

First published by Sigma Technical Press

ISBN 0 905104 36 6

This book has a complete assembler program which is developed in sections as you progress through the book, with a complete listing in the Appendix.

'''From the rear cover:'''

The language of the Dragon computer is BASIC to many people but, to write high speed programs and to get the stunning visual effects that you see in arcade style games, you need to go further and program in Assembler.

To many people, assembler language is a black art, not intended for the average programmer. Mike James shows you that this is just not true and takes you step-by-step through every detail of assembler concepts for the 6809 microprocessor (as used in the Dragon) leading up to those very techniques that you need to write fully professional programs.

''And'' you'll see just what assembler packages to get for your Dragon. If you've read Mike James' other book - "Anatomy of the Dragon" - you'll be in good shape to read this one. The two books are all you'll need to be a Dragon expert!

[[Category:Book_In_Archive]][[Category:Book_Not_Online]] [[Category:6809]]

Programming the 6809

2015-08-21T12:07:52Z

Jedie: Category:6809

[[File:ProgrammingThe6809_Cover.jpg|right|thumb|[http://archive.worldofdragon.org/archive/index.php?dir=Books/&file=Programming%20the%206809.pdf Download]]]

[[Rodnay Zaks]] and William Labiak

Copyright © 1982 Sybex Inc.

First published 1982 by Sybex Inc.

ISBN 0 89588 078 4

'''From the rear cover:'''

You can't just look at the instruction set to program a powerful chip like the 6809; you've got to know more. In this book you will find all the information you need to get the 6809 working for you.

It covers the 6809 - inside out. You'll learn how signals are handled within the chip itself and how to get them to control all essential I/O functions.

Whether you're a first-time or experienced programmer, this book will make it possible for you to use the 6809 to its fullest capacity.

[[Category:Book_In_Archive]][[Category:Book_Online]] [[Category:6809]]

6809 Machine Code Programming

2015-08-21T12:07:44Z

Jedie: Category:6809

[[File:6809MachineCodeProgramming_Cover.jpg|right|thumb]]

David Barrow

Copyright © David Barrow 1984

First published 1984 by Granada Publishing

ISBN 0 246 12532 2

'''From the rear cover:'''

'''MACHINE CODE - POWERFUL ... EFFECTIVE ... ATTAINABLE!'''

At the heart of the Dragon, TRS-80 Color Computer and other computer systems, the 6809 microprocessor performs up to a million operations every second. The speed of interpreted BASIC, however, is measured in mere hundreds of actions per second. Machine code is the only way that you, the programmer, can harness the full power of the machine - for really fast games, accurate timing to thousandths of a second and total control of all functions.

This book introduces you to 6809 machine code, the professional programming methods that will save you time and frustration, and tells you how to take command of the support chips dealing with sound, graphics, keyboard and other input/output functions.. Many essential routines are given with explanatory documentation to show the 6809 in action. Perhaps most importantly for Dragon owners, the software is provided to put text on a high resolution screen with a fully re-definable character set.

[[Category:Book_In_Archive]] [[Category:Book_Not_Online]] [[Category:6809]]

The 6809 Companion

2015-08-21T12:07:36Z

Jedie: Category:6809

[[File:The6809Companion_Cover.jpg|right|thumb]]

Mike James

Copyright © BERNARD BEBANI (publishing) LTD

First published February 1982 by BERNARD BEBANI (publishing) LTD

ISBN 0 85934 077 5

'''From the rear cover:'''

The 6809 microprocessor is becoming increasingly important as more and more manufacturers use it in popular machines.

Mike James has been an enthusiastic user of the 6809 since it was first introduced and this book has been written for programmers who want to make the most of this powerful microprocessor.

It is a work of reference which includes the topics needed in a machine companion: history, architecture, addressing modes and the instruction set (fully commented). In addition there are chapters on converting programs from the 6800, programming style, interrupt handling, and about the 6809 hardware and software that are available.

[[Category:Book_In_Archive]] [[Category:Book_Not_Online]] [[Category:6809]]

Category:6809

2015-08-21T12:06:51Z

Jedie: Created page with "All about the 6809 CPU. Many links are also here: * http://koti.mbnet.fi/~atjs/mc6809/"

All about the 6809 CPU.

Many links are also here:

* http://koti.mbnet.fi/~atjs/mc6809/

MC6809E

2015-08-21T12:04:45Z

Jedie: +6809 Instruction Set by Paul D. Burgin

The Motorola 6809 is an 8-bit (arguably, an 8/16-bit) microprocessor CPU from Motorola, introduced circa 1977-78. It was a major advance over both its predecessor, the Motorola 6800, and the related, MOS Technology 6502.

* [[MC6809E/6809InstrBurgin|6809 Instruction Set by Paul D. Burgin]]

[[Category:Documentation]] [[Category:Hardware]] [[Category:6809]]

MC6809E/6809InstrBurgin

2015-08-21T12:04:12Z

Jedie: see also: http://archive.worldofdragon.org/phpBB3/viewtopic.php?f=5&t=5353

<pre>
Description Of The Motorola 6809 Instruction Set

#FILE: m6809.html
#REV: 1.1
#DATE: 01/06/95
#AUTHOR: Paul D. Burgin
#DISCLAIMER: All information provided as is etc.
#HISTORY: 1.0 30/01/94, 1.1 01/06/95
#XREF:
#SOURCE:
#COPYRIGHT: This information is copyrighted by Motorola Semiconductors Inc.

This file is intended to be a complete description of the 6809 instruction
set. Any additions, corrections and suggestions welcome.

Contents
========

[1] Table Of 6809 Instructions
[2] Indexed Addressing Post Byte Register Bit Assignments
[3] Push/Pull Post Byte
[4] Stacking Order
[5] Transfer/Exchange Post Byte
[6] Interrupt Vectors
[7] Interrupt Functionality
[8] Branch Instructions
[9] References
[10] Acknowledgements

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Subject: [1] Table Of 6809 Instructions

+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| Page 0 Instructions |
+------------+-------------+--------------+---------------+-------+
| Opcode | | Addressing | | |
| Hex Dec | Instruction | Mode | Cycles Bytes | HNZVC |
+------------+-------------+--------------+-------+-------+-------+
| 00 0000 | NEG | DIRECT | 6 | 2 | uaaaa |
| 01 0001 | ILLEGAL | ILLEGAL | 1 | 1 | uuuuu |
| 02 0002 | ILLEGAL | ILLEGAL | 1 | 1 | uuuuu |
| 03 0003 | COM | DIRECT | 6 | 2 | -aa01 |
| 04 0004 | LSR | DIRECT | 6 | 2 | -0a-s |
| 05 0005 | ILLEGAL | ILLEGAL | 1 | 1 | uuuuu |
| 06 0006 | ROR | DIRECT | 6 | 2 | -aa-s |
| 07 0007 | ASR | DIRECT | 6 | 2 | uaa-s |
| 08 0008 | LSL/ASL | DIRECT | 6 | 2 | naaas |
| 09 0009 | ROL | DIRECT | 6 | 2 | -aaas |
| 0A 0010 | DEC | DIRECT | 6 | 2 | -aaa- |
| 0B 0011 | ILLEGAL | ILLEGAL | 1 | 1 | uuuuu |
| 0C 0012 | INC | DIRECT | 6 | 2 | -aaa- |
| 0D 0013 | TST | DIRECT | 6 | 2 | -aa0- |
| 0E 0014 | JMP | DIRECT | 3 | 2 | ----- |
| 0F 0015 | CLR | DIRECT | 6 | 2 | -0100 |
| 10 0016 | PAGE1+ | VARIANT | 1 | 1 | +++++ |
| 11 0017 | PAGE2+ | VARIANT | 1 | 1 | +++++ |
| 12 0018 | NOP | INHERENT | 2 | 1 | ----- |
| 13 0019 | SYNC | INHERENT | 2 | 1 | ----- |
| 14 0020 | ILLEGAL | ILLEGAL | 1 | 1 | uuuuu |
| 15 0021 | ILLEGAL | ILLEGAL | 1 | 1 | uuuuu |
| 16 0022 | LBRA | RELATIVE | 5 | 3 | ----- |
| 17 0023 | LBSR | RELATIVE | 9 | 3 | ----- |
| 18 0024 | ILLEGAL | ILLEGAL | 1 | 1 | uuuuu |
| 19 0025 | DAA | INHERENT | 2 | 1 | -aa0a |
| 1A 0026 | ORCC | IMMEDIATE | 3 | 2 | ddddd |
| 1B 0027 | ILLEGAL | ILLEGAL | 1 | 1 | uuuuu |
| 1C 0028 | ANDCC | IMMEDIATE | 3 | 2 | ddddd |
| 1D 0029 | SEX | INHERENT | 2 | 1 | -aa0- |
| 1E 0030 | EXG | INHERENT | 8 | 2 | ccccc |
| 1F 0031 | TFR | INHERENT | 7 | 2 | ccccc |
| 20 0032 | BRA | RELATIVE | 3 | 2 | ----- |
| 21 0033 | BRN | RELATIVE | 3 | 2 | ----- |
| 22 0034 | BHI | RELATIVE | 3 | 2 | ----- |
| 23 0035 | BLS | RELATIVE | 3 | 2 | ----- |
| 24 0036 | BHS/BCC | RELATIVE | 3 | 2 | ----- |
| 25 0037 | BLO/BCS | RELATIVE | 3 | 2 | ----- |
| 26 0038 | BNE | RELATIVE | 3 | 2 | ----- |
| 27 0039 | BEQ | RELATIVE | 3 | 2 | ----- |
| 28 0040 | BVC | RELATIVE | 3 | 2 | ----- |
| 29 0041 | BVS | RELATIVE | 3 | 2 | ----- |
| 2A 0042 | BPL | RELATIVE | 3 | 2 | ----- |
| 2B 0043 | BMI | RELATIVE | 3 | 2 | ----- |
| 2C 0044 | BGE | RELATIVE | 3 | 2 | ----- |
| 2D 0045 | BLT | RELATIVE | 3 | 2 | ----- |
| 2E 0046 | BGT | RELATIVE | 3 | 2 | ----- |
| 2F 0047 | BLE | RELATIVE | 3 | 2 | ----- |
| 30 0048 | LEAX | INDEXED | 4 | 2 | --a-- |
| 31 0049 | LEAY | INDEXED | 4 | 2 | --a-- |
| 32 0050 | LEAS | INDEXED | 4 | 2 | ----- |
| 33 0051 | LEAU | INDEXED | 4 | 2 | ----- |
| 34 0052 | PSHS | INHERENT | 5 | 2 | ----- |
| 35 0053 | PULS | INHERENT | 5 | 2 | ccccc |
| 36 0054 | PSHU | INHERENT | 5 | 2 | ----- |
| 37 0055 | PULU | INHERENT | 5 | 2 | ccccc |
| 38 0056 | ILLEGAL | ILLEGAL | 1 | 1 | uuuuu |
| 39 0057 | RTS | INHERENT | 5 | 1 | ----- |
| 3A 0058 | ABX | INHERENT | 3 | 1 | ----- |
| 3B 0059 | RTI | INHERENT | 6/15 | 1 | ----- |
| 3C 0060 | CWAI | INHERENT | 21 | 2 | ddddd |
| 3D 0061 | MUL | INHERENT | 11 | 1 | --a-a |
| 3E 0062 | RESET* | INHERENT | * | 1 | ***** |
| 3F 0063 | SWI | INHERENT | 19 | 1 | ----- |
| 40 0064 | NEGA | INHERENT | 2 | 1 | uaaaa |
| 41 0065 | ILLEGAL | ILLEGAL | 1 | 1 | uuuuu |
| 42 0066 | ILLEGAL | ILLEGAL | 1 | 1 | uuuuu |
| 43 0067 | COMA | INHERENT | 2 | 1 | -aa01 |
| 44 0068 | LSRA | INHERENT | 2 | 1 | -0a-s |
| 45 0069 | ILLEGAL | ILLEGAL | 1 | 1 | uuuuu |
| 46 0070 | RORA | INHERENT | 2 | 1 | -aa-s |
| 47 0071 | ASRA | INHERENT | 2 | 1 | uaa-s |
| 48 0072 | LSLA/ASLA | INHERENT | 2 | 1 | naaas |
| 49 0073 | ROLA | INHERENT | 2 | 1 | -aaas |
| 4A 0074 | DECA | INHERENT | 2 | 1 | -aaa- |
| 4B 0075 | ILLEGAL | ILLEGAL | 1 | 1 | uuuuu |
| 4C 0076 | INCA | INHERENT | 2 | 1 | -aaa- |
| 4D 0077 | TSTA | INHERENT | 2 | 1 | -aa0- |
| 4E 0078 | ILLEGAL | ILLEGAL | 1 | 1 | uuuuu |
| 4F 0079 | CLRA | INHERENT | 2 | 1 | -0100 |
| 50 0080 | NEGB | INHERENT | 2 | 1 | uaaaa |
| 51 0081 | ILLEGAL | ILLEGAL | 1 | 1 | uuuuu |
| 52 0082 | ILLEGAL | ILLEGAL | 1 | 1 | uuuuu |
| 53 0083 | COMB | INHERENT | 2 | 1 | -aa01 |
| 54 0084 | LSRB | INHERENT | 2 | 1 | -0a-s |
| 55 0085 | ILLEGAL | ILLEGAL | 1 | 1 | uuuuu |
| 56 0086 | RORB | INHERENT | 2 | 1 | -aa-s |
| 57 0087 | ASRB | INHERENT | 2 | 1 | uaa-s |
| 58 0088 | LSLB/ASLB | INHERENT | 2 | 1 | naaas |
| 59 0089 | ROLB | INHERENT | 2 | 1 | -aaas |
| 5A 0090 | DECB | INHERENT | 2 | 1 | -aaa- |
| 5B 0091 | ILLEGAL | ILLEGAL | 1 | 1 | uuuuu |
| 5C 0092 | INCB | INHERENT | 2 | 1 | -aaa- |
| 5D 0093 | TSTB | INHERENT | 2 | 1 | -aa0- |
| 5E 0094 | ILLEGAL | ILLEGAL | 1 | 1 | uuuuu |
| 5F 0095 | CLRB | INHERENT | 2 | 1 | -0100 |
| 60 0096 | NEG | INDEXED | 6 | 2 | uaaaa |
| 61 0097 | ILLEGAL | ILLEGAL | 1 | 1 | uuuuu |
| 62 0098 | ILLEGAL | ILLEGAL | 1 | 1 | uuuuu |
| 63 0099 | COM | INDEXED | 6 | 2 | -aa01 |
| 64 0100 | LSR | INDEXED | 6 | 2 | -0a-s |
| 65 0101 | ILLEGAL | ILLEGAL | 1 | 1 | uuuuu |
| 66 0102 | ROR | INDEXED | 6 | 2 | -aa-s |
| 67 0103 | ASR | INDEXED | 6 | 2 | uaa-s |
| 68 0104 | LSL/ASL | INDEXED | 6 | 2 | naaas |
| 69 0105 | ROL | INDEXED | 6 | 2 | -aaas |
| 6A 0106 | DEC | INDEXED | 6 | 2 | -aaa- |
| 6B 0107 | ILLEGAL | ILLEGAL | 1 | 1 | uuuuu |
| 6C 0108 | INC | INDEXED | 6 | 2 | -aaa- |
| 6D 0109 | TST | INDEXED | 6 | 2 | -aa0- |
| 6E 0110 | JMP | INDEXED | 3 | 2 | ----- |
| 6F 0111 | CLR | INDEXED | 6 | 2 | -0100 |
| 70 0112 | NEG | EXTENDED | 7 | 3 | uaaaa |
| 71 0113 | ILLEGAL | ILLEGAL | 1 | 1 | uuuuu |
| 72 0114 | ILLEGAL | ILLEGAL | 1 | 1 | uuuuu |
| 73 0115 | COM | EXTENDED | 7 | 3 | -aa01 |
| 74 0116 | LSR | EXTENDED | 7 | 3 | -0a-s |
| 75 0117 | ILLEGAL | ILLEGAL | 1 | 1 | uuuuu |
| 76 0118 | ROR | EXTENDED | 7 | 3 | -aa-s |
| 77 0119 | ASR | EXTENDED | 7 | 3 | uaa-s |
| 78 0120 | LSL/ASL | EXTENDED | 7 | 3 | naaas |
| 79 0121 | ROL | EXTENDED | 7 | 3 | -aaas |
| 7A 0122 | DEC | EXTENDED | 7 | 3 | -aaa- |
| 7B 0123 | ILLEGAL | ILLEGAL | 1 | 1 | uuuuu |
| 7C 0124 | INC | EXTENDED | 7 | 3 | -aaa- |
| 7D 0125 | TST | EXTENDED | 7 | 3 | -aa0- |
| 7E 0126 | JMP | EXTENDED | 3 | 3 | ----- |
| 7F 0127 | CLR | EXTENDED | 7 | 3 | -0100 |
| 80 0128 | SUBA | IMMEDIATE | 2 | 2 | uaaaa |
| 81 0129 | CMPA | IMMEDIATE | 2 | 2 | uaaaa |
| 82 0130 | SBCA | IMMEDIATE | 2 | 2 | uaaaa |
| 83 0131 | SUBD | IMMEDIATE | 4 | 3 | -aaaa |
| 84 0132 | ANDA | IMMEDIATE | 2 | 2 | -aa0- |
| 85 0133 | BITA | IMMEDIATE | 2 | 2 | -aa0- |
| 86 0134 | LDA | IMMEDIATE | 2 | 2 | -aa0- |
| 87 0135 | ILLEGAL | ILLEGAL | 1 | 1 | uuuuu |
| 88 0136 | EORA | IMMEDIATE | 2 | 2 | -aa0- |
| 89 0137 | ADCA | IMMEDIATE | 2 | 2 | aaaaa |
| 8A 0138 | ORA | IMMEDIATE | 2 | 2 | -aa0- |
| 8B 0139 | ADDA | IMMEDIATE | 2 | 2 | aaaaa |
| 8C 0140 | CMPX | IMMEDIATE | 4 | 3 | -aaaa |
| 8D 0141 | BSR | RELATIVE | 7 | 2 | ----- |
| 8E 0142 | LDX | IMMEDIATE | 3 | 3 | -aa0- |
| 8F 0143 | ILLEGAL | ILLEGAL | 1 | 1 | uuuuu |
| 90 0144 | SUBA | DIRECT | 4 | 2 | uaaaa |
| 91 0145 | CMPA | DIRECT | 4 | 2 | uaaaa |
| 92 0146 | SBCA | DIRECT | 4 | 2 | uaaaa |
| 93 0147 | SUBD | DIRECT | 6 | 2 | -aaaa |
| 94 0148 | ANDA | DIRECT | 4 | 2 | -aa0- |
| 95 0149 | BITA | DIRECT | 4 | 2 | -aa0- |
| 96 0150 | LDA | DIRECT | 4 | 2 | -aa0- |
| 97 0151 | STA | DIRECT | 4 | 2 | -aa0- |
| 98 0152 | EORA | DIRECT | 4 | 2 | -aa0- |
| 99 0153 | ADCA | DIRECT | 4 | 2 | aaaaa |
| 9A 0154 | ORA | DIRECT | 4 | 2 | -aa0- |
| 9B 0155 | ADDA | DIRECT | 4 | 2 | aaaaa |
| 9C 0156 | CMPX | DIRECT | 6 | 2 | -aaaa |
| 9D 0157 | JSR | DIRECT | 7 | 2 | ----- |
| 9E 0158 | LDX | DIRECT | 5 | 2 | -aa0- |
| 9F 0159 | STX | DIRECT | 5 | 2 | -aa0- |
| A0 0160 | SUBA | INDEXED | 4 | 2 | uaaaa |
| A1 0161 | CMPA | INDEXED | 4 | 2 | uaaaa |
| A2 0162 | SBCA | INDEXED | 4 | 2 | uaaaa |
| A3 0163 | SUBD | INDEXED | 6 | 2 | -aaaa |
| A4 0164 | ANDA | INDEXED | 4 | 2 | -aa0- |
| A5 0165 | BITA | INDEXED | 4 | 2 | -aa0- |
| A6 0166 | LDA | INDEXED | 4 | 2 | -aa0- |
| A7 0167 | STA | INDEXED | 4 | 2 | -aa0- |
| A8 0168 | EORA | INDEXED | 4 | 2 | -aa0- |
| A9 0169 | ADCA | INDEXED | 4 | 2 | aaaaa |
| AA 0170 | ORA | INDEXED | 4 | 2 | -aa0- |
| AB 0171 | ADDA | INDEXED | 4 | 2 | aaaaa |
| AC 0172 | CMPX | INDEXED | 6 | 2 | -aaaa |
| AD 0173 | JSR | INDEXED | 7 | 2 | ----- |
| AE 0174 | LDX | INDEXED | 5 | 2 | -aa0- |
| AF 0175 | STX | INDEXED | 5 | 2 | -aa0- |
| B0 0176 | SUBA | EXTENDED | 5 | 3 | uaaaa |
| B1 0177 | CMPA | EXTENDED | 5 | 3 | uaaaa |
| B2 0178 | SBCA | EXTENDED | 5 | 3 | uaaaa |
| B3 0179 | SUBD | EXTENDED | 7 | 3 | -aaaa |
| B4 0180 | ANDA | EXTENDED | 5 | 3 | -aa0- |
| B5 0181 | BITA | EXTENDED | 5 | 3 | -aa0- |
| B6 0182 | LDA | EXTENDED | 5 | 3 | -aa0- |
| B7 0183 | STA | EXTENDED | 5 | 3 | -aa0- |
| B8 0184 | EORA | EXTENDED | 5 | 3 | -aa0- |
| B9 0185 | ADCA | EXTENDED | 5 | 3 | aaaaa |
| BA 0186 | ORA | EXTENDED | 5 | 3 | -aa0- |
| BB 0187 | ADDA | EXTENDED | 5 | 3 | aaaaa |
| BC 0188 | CMPX | EXTENDED | 7 | 3 | -aaaa |
| BD 0189 | JSR | EXTENDED | 8 | 3 | ----- |
| BE 0190 | LDX | EXTENDED | 6 | 3 | -aa0- |
| BF 0191 | STX | EXTENDED | 6 | 3 | -aa0- |
| C0 0192 | SUBB | IMMEDIATE | 2 | 2 | uaaaa |
| C1 0193 | CMPB | IMMEDIATE | 2 | 2 | uaaaa |
| C2 0194 | SBCB | IMMEDIATE | 2 | 2 | uaaaa |
| C3 0195 | ADDD | IMMEDIATE | 4 | 3 | -aaaa |
| C4 0196 | ANDB | IMMEDIATE | 2 | 2 | -aa0- |
| C5 0197 | BITB | IMMEDIATE | 2 | 2 | -aa0- |
| C6 0198 | LDB | IMMEDIATE | 2 | 2 | -aa0- |
| C7 0199 | ILLEGAL | ILLEGAL | 1 | 1 | uuuuu |
| C8 0200 | EORB | IMMEDIATE | 2 | 2 | -aa0- |
| C9 0201 | ADCB | IMMEDIATE | 2 | 2 | aaaaa |
| CA 0202 | ORB | IMMEDIATE | 2 | 2 | -aa0- |
| CB 0203 | ADDB | IMMEDIATE | 2 | 2 | aaaaa |
| CC 0204 | LDD | IMMEDIATE | 3 | 3 | -aa0- |
| CD 0205 | ILLEGAL | ILLEGAL | 1 | 1 | uuuuu |
| CE 0206 | LDU | IMMEDIATE | 3 | 3 | -aa0- |
| CF 0207 | ILLEGAL | ILLEGAL | 1 | 1 | uuuuu |
| D0 0208 | SUBB | DIRECT | 4 | 2 | uaaaa |
| D1 0209 | CMPB | DIRECT | 4 | 2 | uaaaa |
| D2 0210 | SBCB | DIRECT | 4 | 2 | uaaaa |
| D3 0211 | ADDD | DIRECT | 6 | 2 | -aaaa |
| D4 0212 | ANDB | DIRECT | 4 | 2 | -aa0- |
| D5 0213 | BITB | DIRECT | 4 | 2 | -aa0- |
| D6 0214 | LDB | DIRECT | 4 | 2 | -aa0- |
| D7 0215 | STB | DIRECT | 4 | 2 | -aa0- |
| D8 0216 | EORB | DIRECT | 4 | 2 | -aa0- |
| D9 0217 | ADCB | DIRECT | 4 | 2 | aaaaa |
| DA 0218 | ORB | DIRECT | 4 | 2 | -aa0- |
| DB 0219 | ADDB | DIRECT | 4 | 2 | aaaaa |
| DC 0220 | LDD | DIRECT | 5 | 2 | -aa0- |
| DD 0221 | STD | DIRECT | 5 | 2 | -aa0- |
| DE 0222 | LDU | DIRECT | 5 | 2 | -aa0- |
| DF 0223 | STU | DIRECT | 5 | 2 | -aa0- |
| E0 0224 | SUBB | INDEXED | 4 | 2 | uaaaa |
| E1 0225 | CMPB | INDEXED | 4 | 2 | uaaaa |
| E2 0226 | SBCB | INDEXED | 4 | 2 | uaaaa |
| E3 0227 | ADDD | INDEXED | 6 | 2 | -aaaa |
| E4 0228 | ANDB | INDEXED | 4 | 2 | -aa0- |
| E5 0229 | BITB | INDEXED | 4 | 2 | -aa0- |
| E6 0230 | LDB | INDEXED | 4 | 2 | -aa0- |
| E7 0231 | STB | INDEXED | 4 | 2 | -aa0- |
| E8 0232 | EORB | INDEXED | 4 | 2 | -aa0- |
| E9 0233 | ADCB | INDEXED | 4 | 2 | aaaaa |
| EA 0234 | ORB | INDEXED | 4 | 2 | -aa0- |
| EB 0235 | ADDB | INDEXED | 4 | 2 | aaaaa |
| EC 0236 | LDD | INDEXED | 5 | 2 | -aa0- |
| ED 0237 | STD | INDEXED | 5 | 2 | -aa0- |
| EE 0238 | LDU | INDEXED | 5 | 2 | -aa0- |
| EF 0239 | STU | INDEXED | 5 | 2 | -aa0- |
| F0 0240 | SUBB | EXTENDED | 5 | 3 | uaaaa |
| F1 0241 | CMPB | EXTENDED | 5 | 3 | uaaaa |
| F2 0242 | SBCB | EXTENDED | 5 | 3 | uaaaa |
| F3 0243 | ADDD | EXTENDED | 7 | 3 | -aaaa |
| F4 0244 | ANDB | EXTENDED | 5 | 3 | -aa0- |
| F5 0245 | BITB | EXTENDED | 5 | 3 | -aa0- |
| F6 0246 | LDB | EXTENDED | 5 | 3 | -aa0- |
| F7 0247 | STB | EXTENDED | 5 | 3 | -aa0- |
| F8 0248 | EORB | EXTENDED | 5 | 3 | -aa0- |
| F9 0249 | ADCB | EXTENDED | 5 | 3 | aaaaa |
| FA 0250 | ORB | EXTENDED | 5 | 3 | -aa0- |
| FB 0251 | ADDB | EXTENDED | 5 | 3 | aaaaa |
| FC 0252 | LDD | EXTENDED | 6 | 3 | -aa0- |
| FD 0253 | STD | EXTENDED | 6 | 3 | -aa0- |
| FE 0254 | LDU | EXTENDED | 6 | 3 | -aa0- |
| FF 0255 | STU | EXTENDED | 6 | 3 | -aa0- |
+------------+-------------+--------------+-------+-------+-------+

+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| Page 1 Instructions^ |
+------------+-------------+--------------+---------------+-------+
| Opcode | | Addressing | | |
| Hex Dec | Instruction | Mode | Cycles Bytes | HNZVC |
+------------+-------------+--------------+-------+-------+-------+
| 1021 4129 | LBRN | RELATIVE | 5(6) | 4 | ----- |
| 1022 4130 | LBHI | RELATIVE | 5(6) | 4 | ----- |
| 1023 4131 | LBLS | RELATIVE | 5(6) | 4 | ----- |
| 1024 4132 | LBHS/LBCC | RELATIVE | 5(6) | 4 | ----- |
| 1025 4133 | LBLO/LBCS | RELATIVE | 5(6) | 4 | ----- |
| 1026 4134 | LBNE | RELATIVE | 5(6) | 4 | ----- |
| 1027 4135 | LBEQ | RELATIVE | 5(6) | 4 | ----- |
| 1028 4136 | LBVC | RELATIVE | 5(6) | 4 | ----- |
| 1029 4137 | LBVS | RELATIVE | 5(6) | 4 | ----- |
| 102A 4138 | LBPL | RELATIVE | 5(6) | 4 | ----- |
| 102B 4139 | LBMI | RELATIVE | 5(6) | 4 | ----- |
| 102C 4140 | LBGE | RELATIVE | 5(6) | 4 | ----- |
| 102D 4141 | LBLT | RELATIVE | 5(6) | 4 | ----- |
| 102E 4142 | LBGT | RELATIVE | 5(6) | 4 | ----- |
| 102F 4143 | LBLE | RELATIVE | 5(6) | 4 | ----- |
| 103F 4159 | SWI2 | INHERENT | 20 | 2 | ----- |
| 1083 4227 | CMPD | IMMEDIATE | 5 | 4 | -aaaa |
| 108C 4236 | CMPY | IMMEDIATE | 5 | 4 | -aaaa |
| 108E 4238 | LDY | IMMEDIATE | 4 | 4 | -aa0- |
| 1093 4243 | CMPD | DIRECT | 7 | 3 | -aaaa |
| 109C 4252 | CMPY | DIRECT | 7 | 3 | -aaaa |
| 109E 4254 | LDY | DIRECT | 6 | 3 | -aa0- |
| 109F 4255 | STY | DIRECT | 6 | 3 | -aa0- |
| 10A3 4259 | CMPD | INDEXED | 7 | 3 | -aaaa |
| 10AC 4268 | CMPY | INDEXED | 7 | 3 | -aaaa |
| 10AE 4270 | LDY | INDEXED | 6 | 3 | -aa0- |
| 10AF 4271 | STY | INDEXED | 6 | 3 | -aa0- |
| 10B3 4275 | CMPD | EXTENDED | 8 | 4 | -aaaa |
| 10BC 4284 | CMPY | EXTENDED | 8 | 4 | -aaaa |
| 10BE 4286 | LDY | EXTENDED | 7 | 4 | -aa0- |
| 10BF 4287 | STY | EXTENDED | 7 | 4 | -aa0- |
| 10CE 4302 | LDS | IMMEDIATE | 4 | 4 | -aa0- |
| 10DE 4318 | LDS | DIRECT | 6 | 3 | -aa0- |
| 10DF 4319 | STS | DIRECT | 6 | 3 | -aa0- |
| 10EE 4334 | LDS | INDEXED | 6 | 3 | -aa0- |
| 10EF 4335 | STS | INDEXED | 6 | 3 | -aa0- |
| 10FE 4350 | LDS | EXTENDED | 7 | 4 | -aa0- |
| 10FF 4351 | STS | EXTENDED | 7 | 4 | -aa0- |
+------------+-------------+--------------+-------+-------+-------+

+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| Page 2 Instructions^ |
+------------+-------------+--------------+---------------+-------+
| Opcode | | Addressing | | |
| Hex Dec | Instruction | Mode | Cycles Bytes | HNZVC |
+------------+-------------+--------------+-------+-------+-------+
| 113F 4415 | SWI3 | INHERENT | 20 | 2 | ----- |
| 1183 4438 | CMPU | IMMEDIATE | 5 | 4 | -aaaa |
| 118C 4492 | CMPS | IMMEDIATE | 5 | 4 | -aaaa |
| 1193 4499 | CMPU | DIRECT | 7 | 3 | -aaaa |
| 119C 4508 | CMPS | DIRECT | 7 | 3 | -aaaa |
| 11A3 4515 | CMPU | INDEXED | 7 | 3 | -aaaa |
| 11AC 4524 | CMPS | INDEXED | 7 | 3 | -aaaa |
| 11B3 4531 | CMPU | EXTENDED | 8 | 4 | -aaaa |
| 11BC 4540 | CMPS | EXTENDED | 8 | 4 | -aaaa |
+------------+-------------+--------------+-------+-------+-------+

Key
===

a Affected.
- Unaffected.
u Undefined.
d Changed directly.
s Contains the carry from a shift operation.
c Affected only if CC register selected.
n Unaffected by LSL, undefined by ASL (according to Motorola)!

* Undocumented
+ Not an instruction, but a prefix to page 1 or page 2 instructions.
^ Illegal instructions not listed.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Subject: [2] Indexed Addressing Post Byte Register Bit Assignments

+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| INDEX ADDRESSING POST BYTE REGISTER BIT ASSIGNMENTS |
+-------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------+
| POST BYTE REGISTER BIT | | Add |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ INDEXED MODE +---+---+
| 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | | ~ | # |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+--------------------------------+---+---+
| 0 | R | R | F | F | F | F | F | (+/- 4 bit offset),R | 1 | 0 |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+--------------------------------+---+---+
| 1 | R | R | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ,R+ | 2 | 0 |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+--------------------------------+---+---+
| 1 | R | R | I | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | ,R++ | 3 | 0 |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+--------------------------------+---+---+
| 1 | R | R | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | ,-R | 2 | 0 |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+--------------------------------+---+---+
| 1 | R | R | I | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | ,--R | 3 | 0 |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+--------------------------------+---+---+
| 1 | R | R | I | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ,R | 0 | 0 |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+--------------------------------+---+---+
| 1 | R | R | I | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | (+/- B),R | 1 | 0 |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+--------------------------------+---+---+
| 1 | R | R | I | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | (+/- A),R | 1 | 0 |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+--------------------------------+---+---+
| 1 | X | X | X | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | Illegal | u | u |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+--------------------------------+---+---+
| 1 | R | R | I | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | (+/- 7 bit offset),R | 1 | 1 |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+--------------------------------+---+---+
| 1 | R | R | I | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | (+/- 15 bit offset),R | 4 | 2 |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+--------------------------------+---+---+
| 1 | X | X | X | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | Illegal | u | u |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+--------------------------------+---+---+
| 1 | R | R | I | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | (+/- D),R | 4 | 0 |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+--------------------------------+---+---+
| 1 | X | X | I | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | (+/- 7 bit offset),PC | 1 | 1 |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+--------------------------------+---+---+
| 1 | X | X | I | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | (+/- 15 bit offset),PC | 5 | 2 |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+--------------------------------+---+---+
| 1 | X | X | X | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | Illegal | u | u |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+--------------------------------+---+---+
| 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | [address] | 5 | 2 |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+--------------------------------+---+---+

Key
===

~ Additional clock cycles.
# Additional post bytes.
u Undefined.
X Don't Care.
F Offset.
I Indirect field.
0 = Non indirect
1 = Indirect (add 3 cycles)
R Register field.
00 = X
01 = Y
10 = U
11 = S

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Subject: [3] Push/Pull Post Byte

+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| b7 | b6 | b5 | b4 | b3 | b2 | b1 | b0 |
+--+---+--+---+--+---+--+---+--+---+--+---+--+---+--+---+
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | +------- CC
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | +-------------- A
| | | | | |
| | | | | +--------------------- B
| | | | |
| | | | +---------------------------- DP
| | | |
| | | +----------------------------------- X
| | |
| | +------------------------------------------ Y
| |
| +------------------------------------------------- S/U
|
+-------------------------------------------------------- PC

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Subject: [4] Stacking Order

PULL ORDER

|
v

CC
A
B
DP
X Hi INCREASING MEMORY
X Lo
Y Hi |
Y Lo v
S/U Hi
S/U Lo
PCR Hi
PCR Lo

^
|

PUSH ORDER

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Subject: [5] Transfer/Exchange Post Byte

+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| b7 SOURCE | DESTINATION b0 |
+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+

+---------------------+
| Register Field |
+------+--------------+
| Bits | Register |
+------+--------------+
| 0000 | D |
| 0001 | X |
| 0010 | Y |
| 0011 | U |
| 0100 | S |
| 0101 | PC |
| 1000 | A |
| 1001 | B |
| 1010 | CC |
| 1011 | DP |
+------+--------------+

Other operand values result in the constant $FF being transferred; this
value is also used when there is an operation mixing 8 and 16 bit registers
(these effects are undocumented).

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Subject: [6] Interrupt Vectors

+---------------------+
| 6809 Interrupts |
+------+--------------+
| Addr | Event |
+------+--------------+
| FFFE | Restart |
| FFFC | NMI |
| FFFA | SWI |
| FFF8 | IRQ |
| FFF6 | FIRQ |
| FFF4 | SWI2 |
| FFF2 | SWI3 |
| FFF0 | Reserved |
+------+--------------+

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Subject: [7] Interrupt Functionality

a) Interrupts have the following functions.

SWI) E = 1
PSHS X,Y,D,U,DP,PC,CC
F = 1
I = 1
PC = [$FFFA]
{19 cycles}

SWI2) E = 1
PSHS X,Y,D,U,DP,PC,CC
PC = [$FFF4]
{20 cycles}

SWI3) E = 1
PSHS X,Y,D,U,DP,PC,CC
PC = [$FFF2]
{20 cycles}

IRQ) E = 1
PSHS X,Y,D,U,DP,PC,CC
F = 1
I = 1
PC = [$FFF8]
{19 cycles}

FIRQ) E = 0
PSHS PC,CC
F = 1
I = 1
PC = [$FFF6]
{10 cycles}

NMI*) E = 1
PSHS X,Y,D,U,DP,PC,CC
F = 1
I = 1
PC = [$FFFC]
{19 cycles}

b) An RTI instruction has the following function.

PULS CC
if (E = 0)
then
PULS PC
{6 cycles}
else
PULS X,Y,D,U,DP,PC
{15 cycles}

*Not available until after S has been initialised.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Subject: [8] Branch Instructions

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 6809 BRANCH INSTRUCTIONS |
+-------------+-----------------------------+---------------------------+
| Instruction | Description | Condition Formula |
+-------------+-----------------------------+---------------------------+
| BCC/BHS | Higher Or Same | »C |
| BCS/BLO | Lower | C |
| BHI | Higher | »C*»Z |
| BLS | Lower Or Same | C + Z |
| BNE | Not Equal | »Z |
| BEQ | Equal | Z |
| BGE | Greater Or Equal (Signed) | N*V + »N*»V |
| BLT | Less Than (Signed) | N*»V + »N*V |
| BGT | Greater Than (Signed) | N*V*»Z + »N*»V*»Z |
| BLE | Less Than Or Equal (Signed) | Z + N*»V + »N*V |
| BPL | Plus (Positive) | »N |
| BMI | Minus (Negative) | N |
| BVC | Overflow Clear | »V |
| BVS | Overflow Set | V |
| BRA | Always | 1 |
| BRN | Never | 0 |
+-------------+-----------------------------+---------------------------+

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Subject: [9] References

'Inside The Dragon' by Duncan Smeed & Ian Sommerville
'Programming The 6809' by Rodnay Zaks & William Labiak
'Language Of The Dragon' (author unknown).

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Subject: [10] Acknowledgements

Thanks to Keiran Anscomb for details of some of the undocumented features.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------
[Image] Click here to return to information menu.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Page last modified 18 May 1996 16:33:34.

</pre>

* originally published under: http://www.burgins.com/m6809.html

[[Category:Documentation]] [[Category:Hardware]] [[Category:6809]]

Dragon 32/64 Drivewire Adapter

2015-08-17T15:11:57Z

Jedie: +github.com/6809/DwLoadServer

[[File:Drivewire.jpg]]‎

See also: [[Drivewire_for_dummies]]

== Hardware ==

The built-in serial UART is the CP2102 from Silicon Labs.

== Windows ==

Windows driver can be downloaded from the chip manufacturer: http://www.silabs.com/products/mcu/pages/usbtouartbridgevcpdrivers.aspx

== Linux ==

In most cases, you simply need to run "sudo adduser $USER dialout". Read on for more details.

Some helpful commands:
<pre>
~ $ sudo lsusb | grep UART
Bus 001 Device 002: ID 10c4:ea60 Cygnal Integrated Products, Inc. CP210x UART Bridge / myAVR mySmartUSB light

$ dmesg | grep -ie cp210*
[17479.466698] usb 1-1: Product: CP2102 USB to UART Bridge Controller
[17479.548508] usbcore: registered new interface driver cp210x
[17479.548520] usbserial: USB Serial support registered for cp210x
[17479.548535] cp210x 1-1:1.0: cp210x converter detected
[17480.428168] usb 1-1: cp210x converter now attached to ttyUSB0
</pre>

Look at the last line, to see that the adapter is assigned to '''ttyUSB0'''. Check which groups have access to it:

<pre>
$ ls -l /dev/ttyUSB0
crw-rw---- 1 root dialout 188, 0 Nov 11 13:15 /dev/ttyUSB0
</pre>
In this case you should assure that your user is in the user group '''dialout''', e.g.:
<pre>
$ groups # Display the user groups for the current user
user_foo : user_foo adm tty dialout fax cdrom floppy tape sudo audio dip video plugdev netdev fuse lpadmin scanner
</pre>
Is the group is not listed, add your user to the group, e.g:
<pre>
sudo adduser $USER dialout
</pre>

You will have to logout and relogin after this command!

== Drivewire servers ==

The Drivewire4 server is a Java application and can be downloaded here: https://sites.google.com/site/drivewire4/download

There exist also "DriveWire Lite": a reimplementation in C of the server side of the DriveWire 3 protocol: http://sourceforge.net/projects/dwlite/

There is also a OpenSource DriveWire Server written in Python: https://github.com/6809/DwLoadServer

== Drivewire4 server usage ==

Just choose CoCo2 in the DriveWire4 server "Simple Config Wizard".
Keep all the default selections.

If you would like to use the server under Windows without installing the JRE, use this batch file for startup:
<pre>
SET JDK=%~dp0\jre
SET JAVA_EXE=%JDK%\bin\java.exe
"%JAVA_EXE%" -XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC -jar DW4UI.jar --backup &
pause
</pre>
Download a JRE and put it into DriveWire directory together with this batch file.

== Links ==

* [http://archive.worldofdragon.org/phpBB3/viewtopic.php?f=5&t=781 DIY instructions]
* [http://archive.worldofdragon.org/phpBB3/viewtopic.php?f=5&t=4964 DWLOAD]
* [http://archive.worldofdragon.org/phpBB3/viewtopic.php?f=6&t=4270 buy a tormod's Drivewire Adapter]
* [http://archive.worldofdragon.org/phpBB3/viewtopic.php?f=6&t=4854 buy a tormod's Drivewire deluxe cased adapters]

[[Category:Documentation]] [[Category:Hardware]] [[Category:DIY_Projects]] [[Category:Drivewire]]

Dragon 32 Sound Extension Module

2015-08-17T14:55:35Z

Jedie: Category:Documentation Category:Hardware

The Dragon 32 Sound Extension Module is a cartridge by [[J.C.B. (Microsystems)]], that contains a General Instruments AY-3-8910 sound chip (Also found on Amstrad CPC, Spectrum 128, +2 and +3, MSX, Atari ST and other machines).

This allows the Dragon to play interesting sound effects and complex chiptunes without taking all processor time.

The cartridge also adds two 8-bit I/O ports (provided also by the AY-3-8910).

The sound chip can be operated via the new commands in BASIC provided in the cartridge ROM, or via the 0xFEFE and 0xFEFF addresses.

== Pictures ==

<gallery caption="Casing">
Image:Dragon32_SoundExtensionModule_Top.jpg
Image:Dragon32_SoundExtensionModule_Bottom.jpg
</gallery>
<gallery caption="PCB">
Image:Dragon32_SoundExtensionModule_PCB_Top.jpg
Image:Dragon32_SoundExtensionModule_PCB_Bottom.jpg
</gallery>

== Screenshot ==

[[File:Dragon32 SoundExtensionModule ROM Message.png|300px]]

== IC Parts Lists ==
'''IC list (with Datasheets)
{|{{PrettyTable|width: 700px; font-size: 2em;}}
|''Part Number''||''Description''||''Datasheet''
|-
| 2732 || 4Kb EPROM || [[Media:2732.pdf|(pdf)]]
|-
| AY-3-8910 || Programmable Sound Generator || [[Media:AY-3-8910.pdf|(pdf)]]
|-
| SN74LS04N || Hex inverters || [[Media:SN5404-SN54LS04-SN54S04-SN7404-SN74LS04-SN74S04.pdf|(pdf)]]
|-
| SN74LS08N || Quadruple 2-Input Positive-AND Gates || [[Media:SN5408-SN54LS08-SN54S08-SN7408-SN74LS08-SN74S08.pdf|(pdf)]]
|-
| SN74LS27 || Triple 3-Input NOR Gate || [[Media:HD74LS27.pdf|(pdf)]]
|-
| SN74LS30 || 8-input Positive NAND Gate || [[Media:HD74LS30.pdf|(pdf)]]
|-
| SN74LS138 || Decoder/ Demultiplexer || [[Media:SN74LS138.pdf|(pdf)]]
|-
|}

== Manuals ==

* Version 1
<gallery>
Image:Dragon32_SoundExtensionModule_Manual_v1_01_Small.jpg
Image:Dragon32_SoundExtensionModule_Manual_v1_02_Small.jpg
Image:Dragon32_SoundExtensionModule_Manual_v1_03_Small.jpg
Image:Dragon32_SoundExtensionModule_Manual_v1_04_small.jpg
Image:Dragon32_SoundExtensionModule_Manual_v1_05_Small.jpg
Image:Dragon32_SoundExtensionModule_Manual_v1_06_Small.jpg
Image:Dragon32_SoundExtensionModule_Manual_v1_07_Small.jpg
Image:Dragon32_SoundExtensionModule_Manual_v1_08_Small.jpg
Image:Dragon32_SoundExtensionModule_Manual_v1_09_Small.jpg
Image:Dragon32_SoundExtensionModule_Manual_v1_10_Small.jpg
Image:Dragon32_SoundExtensionModule_Manual_v1_11_Small.jpg
Image:Dragon32_SoundExtensionModule_Manual_v1_12_Small.jpg
Image:Dragon32_SoundExtensionModule_Manual_v1_13_Small.jpg
Image:Dragon32_SoundExtensionModule_Manual_v1_14_Small.jpg
Image:Dragon32_SoundExtensionModule_Manual_v1_15_Small.jpg
Image:Dragon32_SoundExtensionModule_Manual_v1_SampleProgram_Small.jpg
</gallery>

* Version 2
<gallery>
Image:Dragon32_SoundExtensionModule_Manual_v2_01_Small.jpg
Image:Dragon32_SoundExtensionModule_Manual_v2_02_Small.jpg
Image:Dragon32_SoundExtensionModule_Manual_v2_03_Small.jpg
Image:Dragon32_SoundExtensionModule_Manual_v2_04_Small.jpg
Image:Dragon32_SoundExtensionModule_Manual_v2_05_Small.jpg
Image:Dragon32_SoundExtensionModule_Manual_v2_06_Small.jpg
Image:Dragon32_SoundExtensionModule_Manual_v2_07_Small.jpg
Image:Dragon32_SoundExtensionModule_Manual_v2_08_Small.jpg
Image:Dragon32_SoundExtensionModule_Manual_v2_09_Small.jpg
Image:Dragon32_SoundExtensionModule_Manual_v2_10_Small.jpg
Image:Dragon32_SoundExtensionModule_Manual_v2_11_Small.jpg
Image:Dragon32_SoundExtensionModule_Manual_v2_12_Small.jpg
Image:Dragon32_SoundExtensionModule_Manual_v2_13_Small.jpg
Image:Dragon32_SoundExtensionModule_Manual_v2_14_Small.jpg
Image:Dragon32_SoundExtensionModule_Manual_v2_15_Small.jpg
Image:Dragon32_SoundExtensionModule_Manual_v2_16_Small.jpg
Image:Dragon32_SoundExtensionModule_Manual_v2_17_Small.jpg
Image:Dragon32_SoundExtensionModule_Manual_v2_18_Small.jpg
</gallery>

== Downloads ==

* [http://archive.worldofdragon.org/archive/index.php?dir=Roms/Dragon/&file=J.C.B.Microsystems%20-%20Dragon%2032%20Sound%20Extension%20Module.zip Dragon 32 Sound Extension Module ROM]
* [http://archive.worldofdragon.org/archive/index.php?dir=Tapes/Dragon/cas/&file=J.C.B.Microsystems%20-%20Dragon%2032%20Sound%20Extension%20Module%20Sample%20Program.zip Dragon 32 Sound Extension Module Sample Program] (Zipped CAS and WAV files)
* [http://archive.worldofdragon.org/archive/index.php?dir=Manuals/&file=Dragon%2032%20Sound%20Extension%20Module%20%28J.C.B.%20Microsystems%29%20Manual%20v1%20Small.zip Dragon 32 Sound Extension Module Manual v1] (Zipped .jpg files)
* [http://archive.worldofdragon.org/archive/index.php?dir=Manuals/&file=Dragon%2032%20Sound%20Extension%20Module%20%28J.C.B.%20Microsystems%29%20Manual%20v2%20Small.zip Dragon 32 Sound Extension Module Manual v2] (Zipped .jpg files)

[[Category:Documentation]] [[Category:Hardware]]

Tokens

2014-11-18T09:00:31Z

Jedie:

== Dragon 32 / CoCo tokens ==

(Generated with a Python script: https://github.com/6809/dragonlib/blob/master/dragonlib/CoCo/basic_tokens.py )

* "CoCo A": - Tokens from Color BASIC 1.3
* "CoCo B": - Additional tokens from Extended Color BASIC 1.1 only
{| class="wikitable" style="font-family: monospace; background-color:#ffffcc;" cellpadding="10"
|-
! value
! Dragon
token
! CoCo A
token
! CoCo B
token

|-
| $80
| FOR
| FOR
|
|-
| $81
| GO
| GO
|
|-
| $82
| REM
| REM
|
|-
| $83
| '
| '
|
|-
| $84
| ELSE
| ELSE
|
|-
| $85
| IF
| IF
|
|-
| $86
| DATA
| DATA
|
|-
| $87
| PRINT
| PRINT
|
|-
| $88
| ON
| ON
|
|-
| $89
| INPUT
| INPUT
|
|-
| $8a
| END
| END
|
|-
| $8b
| NEXT
| NEXT
|
|-
| $8c
| DIM
| DIM
|
|-
| $8d
| READ
| READ
|
|-
| $8e
| LET
| RUN
|
|-
| $8f
| RUN
| RESTORE
|
|-
| $90
| RESTORE
| RETURN
|
|-
| $91
| RETURN
| STOP
|
|-
| $92
| STOP
| POKE
|
|-
| $93
| POKE
| CONT
|
|-
| $94
| CONT
| LIST
|
|-
| $95
| LIST
| CLEAR
|
|-
| $96
| CLEAR
| NEW
|
|-
| $97
| NEW
| CLOAD
|
|-
| $98
| DEF
| CSAVE
|
|-
| $99
| CLOAD
| OPEN
|
|-
| $9a
| CSAVE
| CLOSE
|
|-
| $9b
| OPEN
| LLIST
|
|-
| $9c
| CLOSE
| SET
|
|-
| $9d
| LLIST
| RESET
|
|-
| $9e
| SET
| CLS
|
|-
| $9f
| RESET
| MOTOR
|
|-
| $a0
| CLS
| SOUND
|
|-
| $a1
| MOTOR
| AUDIO
|
|-
| $a2
| SOUND
| EXEC
|
|-
| $a3
| AUDIO
| SKIPF
|
|-
| $a4
| EXEC
| TAB(
|
|-
| $a5
| SKIPF
| TO
|
|-
| $a6
| DEL
| SUB
|
|-
| $a7
| EDIT
| THEN
|
|-
| $a8
| TRON
| NOT
|
|-
| $a9
| TROFF
| STEP
|
|-
| $aa
| LINE
| OFF
|
|-
| $ab
| PCLS
| +
|
|-
| $ac
| PSET
| -
|
|-
| $ad
| PRESET
| *
|
|-
| $ae
| SCREEN
| /
|
|-
| $af
| PCLEAR
| ^
|
|-
| $b0
| COLOR
| AND
|
|-
| $b1
| CIRCLE
| OR
|
|-
| $b2
| PAINT
| >
|
|-
| $b3
| GET
| =
|
|-
| $b4
| PUT
| <
|
|-
| $b5
| DRAW
|
| DEL
|-
| $b6
| PCOPY
|
| EDIT
|-
| $b7
| PMODE
|
| TRON
|-
| $b8
| PLAY
|
| TROFF
|-
| $b9
| DLOAD
|
| DEF
|-
| $ba
| RENUM
|
| LET
|-
| $bb
| TAB(
|
| LINE
|-
| $bc
| TO
|
| PCLS
|-
| $bd
| SUB
|
| PSET
|-
| $be
| FN
|
| PRESET
|-
| $bf
| THEN
|
| SCREEN
|-
| $c0
| NOT
|
| PCLEAR
|-
| $c1
| STEP
|
| COLOR
|-
| $c2
| OFF
|
| CIRCLE
|-
| $c3
| +
|
| PAINT
|-
| $c4
| -
|
| GET
|-
| $c5
| *
|
| PUT
|-
| $c6
| /
|
| DRAW
|-
| $c7
| ^
|
| PCOPY
|-
| $c8
| AND
|
| PMODE
|-
| $c9
| OR
|
| PLAY
|-
| $ca
| >
|
| DLOAD
|-
| $cb
| =
|
| RENUM
|-
| $cc
| <
|
| FN
|-
| $cd
| USING
|
| USING
|-
| $ff80
| SGN
| SGN
|
|-
| $ff81
| INT
| INT
|
|-
| $ff82
| ABS
| ABS
|
|-
| $ff83
| POS
| USR
|
|-
| $ff84
| RND
| RND
|
|-
| $ff85
| SQR
| SIN
|
|-
| $ff86
| LOG
| PEEK
|
|-
| $ff87
| EXP
| LEN
|
|-
| $ff88
| SIN
| STR$
|
|-
| $ff89
| COS
| VAL
|
|-
| $ff8a
| TAN
| ASC
|
|-
| $ff8b
| ATN
| CHR$
|
|-
| $ff8c
| PEEK
| EOF
|
|-
| $ff8d
| LEN
| JOYSTK
|
|-
| $ff8e
| STR$
| LEFT$
|
|-
| $ff8f
| VAL
| RIGHT$
|
|-
| $ff90
| ASC
| MID$
|
|-
| $ff91
| CHR$
| POINT
|
|-
| $ff92
| EOF
| INKEY$
|
|-
| $ff93
| JOYSTK
| MEM
|
|-
| $ff94
| FIX
|
| ATN
|-
| $ff95
| HEX$
|
| COS
|-
| $ff96
| LEFT$
|
| TAN
|-
| $ff97
| RIGHT$
|
| EXP
|-
| $ff98
| MID$
|
| FIX
|-
| $ff99
| POINT
|
| LOG
|-
| $ff9a
| INKEY$
|
| POS
|-
| $ff9b
| MEM
|
| SQR
|-
| $ff9c
| VARPTR
|
| HEX$
|-
| $ff9d
| INSTR
|
| VARPTR
|-
| $ff9e
| TIMER
|
| INSTR
|-
| $ff9f
| PPOINT
|
| TIMER
|-
| $ffa0
| STRING$
|
| PPOINT
|-
| $ffa1
| USR
|
| STRING$
|-
|}

== Links ==

* CoCo - Color BASIC 1.3 tokens: http://sourceforge.net/p/toolshed/code/ci/default/tree/cocoroms/bas.asm
* CoCo - Extended Color BASIC 1.1 tokens: http://sourceforge.net/p/toolshed/code/ci/default/tree/cocoroms/extbas.asm

[[Category:Documentation]] [[Category:Software]] [[Category:Development]]

System Software

2014-11-15T15:19:44Z

Jedie: Category:Software

== Dragon Data ==

[[Dragon DOS]]

[[OS-9 Level 1]]

[[OS-9 Level 2]]

== Compusense ==

[[FLEX]]

== Premier Micro Systems ==

[[Delta DOS]]

== Eurohard ==

[[OS-9 Level 1 V2.0]]

[[Category:Software]]

Repository

2014-11-15T12:54:53Z

Jedie:

Repository

2014-11-15T12:42:20Z

Jedie: init

There are many Software projects around 6809, Dragon and CoCo ...

Here a link collection of theses:

* http://sourceforge.net/p/toolshed/code/
* https://gitorious.org/m6809-computer-tools
* https://launchpad.net/~tormodvolden/+archive/ubuntu/m6809

* https://github.com/6809/DwLoadServer
* https://github.com/6809/dragonlib
* https://github.com/6809/sbc09
* https://github.com/6809/rom-info

Missing links? Just edit this page and insert it ;)

[[Category:Software]]

DWLOAD

2014-11-15T12:38:46Z

Jedie: +Category:Software

TODO: Here should be collect all information that is needed to use DWLOAD.

== Links ==

* [http://archive.worldofdragon.org/phpBB3/viewtopic.php?f=5&t=4964 DWLOAD Forum Thread]

[[Category:Documentation]] [[Category:Hardware]] [[Category:DIY_Projects]] [[Category:Software]][[Category:Drivewire]]

DWLOAD

2014-11-15T12:12:43Z

Jedie: Created page with "TODO: Here should be collect all information that is needed to use DWLOAD. == Links == * [http://archive.worldofdragon.org/phpBB3/viewtopic.php?f=5&t=4964 DWLOAD Forum Thr..."

Dragon 32/64 Drivewire Adapter

2014-11-11T14:44:20Z

Jedie:

[[File:Drivewire.jpg]]‎

See also: [[Drivewire_for_dummies]]

== Hardware ==

The built-in serial UART is the CP2102

== Windows ==

Windows driver can be downloaded from the chip manufacturer: http://www.silabs.com/products/mcu/pages/usbtouartbridgevcpdrivers.aspx

== Linux ==

some needful commands:
<pre>
~ $ sudo lsusb | grep UART
Bus 001 Device 002: ID 10c4:ea60 Cygnal Integrated Products, Inc. CP210x UART Bridge / myAVR mySmartUSB light

$ dmesg | grep -ie cp210*
[17479.466698] usb 1-1: Product: CP2102 USB to UART Bridge Controller
[17479.548508] usbcore: registered new interface driver cp210x
[17479.548520] usbserial: USB Serial support registered for cp210x
[17479.548535] cp210x 1-1:1.0: cp210x converter detected
[17480.428168] usb 1-1: cp210x converter now attached to ttyUSB0
</pre>

Look at the last line, to see that the adapter is assigned to '''ttyUSB0'''. Check which groups have access to it:

<pre>
$ ls -l /dev/ttyUSB0
crw-rw---- 1 root dialout 188, 0 Nov 11 13:15 /dev/ttyUSB0
</pre>
In this case you should assume that your user is in the usergroup '''dialout''', e.g.:
<pre>
$ groups # Display the usergroups for the current user
user_foo : user_foo adm tty dialout fax cdrom floppy tape sudo audio dip video plugdev netdev fuse lpadmin scanner
</pre>
Is the group is not listed, add the user, e.g:
<pre>
adduser username dialout
</pre>

You have to logout and relogin!

== Drivewire Server ==

The Drivewire Server 4 is a Java Application and can be downloaded here: https://sites.google.com/site/drivewire4/download

There exist also "DriveWire Lite": a reimplementation in C of the server side of the DriveWire 3 protocol: http://sourceforge.net/projects/dwlite/

== Drivewire Server 4 usage ==

If you would like to use the Server under windows without installing the JRE, use this batch file for startup:
<pre>
SET JDK=%~dp0\jre
SET JAVA_EXE=%JDK%\bin\java.exe
"%JAVA_EXE%" -XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC -jar DW4UI.jar --backup &
pause
</pre>
Download a JRE and put it into divewire directory with this batch.

Just choose CoCo2 from the DriveWire Server simple config wizard.
Keep all the default selections.

== Links ==

* [http://archive.worldofdragon.org/phpBB3/viewtopic.php?f=5&t=781 DIY instructions]
* [http://archive.worldofdragon.org/phpBB3/viewtopic.php?f=5&t=4964 DWLOAD]
* [http://archive.worldofdragon.org/phpBB3/viewtopic.php?f=6&t=4270 buy a tormod's Drivewire Adapter]
* [http://archive.worldofdragon.org/phpBB3/viewtopic.php?f=6&t=4854 buy a tormod's Drivewire deluxe cased adapters]

[[Category:Documentation]] [[Category:Hardware]] [[Category:DIY_Projects]] [[Category:Drivewire]]

Dragon 32/64 Drivewire Adapter

2014-11-11T14:00:58Z

Jedie:

[[File:Drivewire.jpg]]‎

See also: [[Drivewire_for_dummies]]

== Hardware ==

The built-in serial UART is the CP2102

== Windows ==

Windows driver can be downloaded from the chip manufacturer: http://www.silabs.com/products/mcu/pages/usbtouartbridgevcpdrivers.aspx

== Linux ==

some needful commands:
<pre>
~ $ sudo lsusb | grep UART
Bus 001 Device 002: ID 10c4:ea60 Cygnal Integrated Products, Inc. CP210x UART Bridge / myAVR mySmartUSB light

$ dmesg | grep -ie cp210*
[17479.466698] usb 1-1: Product: CP2102 USB to UART Bridge Controller
[17479.548508] usbcore: registered new interface driver cp210x
[17479.548520] usbserial: USB Serial support registered for cp210x
[17479.548535] cp210x 1-1:1.0: cp210x converter detected
[17480.428168] usb 1-1: cp210x converter now attached to ttyUSB0
</pre>

Look at the last line, to see that the adapter is assigned to '''ttyUSB0'''. Check which groups have access to it:

<pre>
$ ls -l /dev/ttyUSB0
crw-rw---- 1 root dialout 188, 0 Nov 11 13:15 /dev/ttyUSB0
</pre>
In this case you should assume that your user is in the usergroup '''dialout''', e.g.:
<pre>
$ groups ${USER}
user_foo : user_foo adm tty dialout fax cdrom floppy tape sudo audio dip video plugdev netdev fuse lpadmin scanner
</pre>
Is the group is not listed, add the user, e.g:
<pre>
adduser username dialout
</pre>

You have to logout and relogin!

== Drivewire Server ==

The Drivewire Server 4 is a Java Application and can be downloaded here: https://sites.google.com/site/drivewire4/download

There exist also "DriveWire Lite": a reimplementation in C of the server side of the DriveWire 3 protocol: http://sourceforge.net/projects/dwlite/

== Drivewire Server 4 usage ==

If you would like to use the Server under windows without installing the JRE, use this batch file for startup:
<pre>
SET JDK=%~dp0\jre
SET JAVA_EXE=%JDK%\bin\java.exe
"%JAVA_EXE%" -XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC -jar DW4UI.jar --backup &
pause
</pre>
Download a JRE and put it into divewire directory with this batch.

Just choose CoCo2 from the DriveWire Server simple config wizard.
Keep all the default selections.

== Links ==

* [http://archive.worldofdragon.org/phpBB3/viewtopic.php?f=5&t=781 DIY instructions]
* [http://archive.worldofdragon.org/phpBB3/viewtopic.php?f=5&t=4964 DWLOAD]
* [http://archive.worldofdragon.org/phpBB3/viewtopic.php?f=6&t=4270 buy a tormod's Drivewire Adapter]
* [http://archive.worldofdragon.org/phpBB3/viewtopic.php?f=6&t=4854 buy a tormod's Drivewire deluxe cased adapters]

[[Category:Documentation]] [[Category:Hardware]] [[Category:DIY_Projects]] [[Category:Drivewire]]

Dragon 32/64 Drivewire Adapter

2014-11-11T12:47:26Z

Jedie:

[[File:Drivewire.jpg]]‎

See also: [[Drivewire_for_dummies]]

== Hardware ==

The built-in serial UART is the CP2102

== Windows ==

Windows driver can be downloaded from the chip manufacturer: http://www.silabs.com/products/mcu/pages/usbtouartbridgevcpdrivers.aspx

== Linux ==

some needful commands:
<pre>
~ $ sudo lsusb | grep UART
Bus 001 Device 002: ID 10c4:ea60 Cygnal Integrated Products, Inc. CP210x UART Bridge / myAVR mySmartUSB light

$ dmesg | grep -ie cp210*
[17479.466698] usb 1-1: Product: CP2102 USB to UART Bridge Controller
[17479.548508] usbcore: registered new interface driver cp210x
[17479.548520] usbserial: USB Serial support registered for cp210x
[17479.548535] cp210x 1-1:1.0: cp210x converter detected
[17480.428168] usb 1-1: cp210x converter now attached to ttyUSB0
</pre>

Look at the last line, to see that the adapter is assigned to '''ttyUSB0'''

== Drivewire Server ==

The Drivewire Server 4 is a Java Application and can be downloaded here: https://sites.google.com/site/drivewire4/download

There exist also "DriveWire Lite": a reimplementation in C of the server side of the DriveWire 3 protocol: http://sourceforge.net/projects/dwlite/

== Drivewire Server 4 usage ==

If you would like to use the Server under windows without installing the JRE, use this batch file for startup:
<pre>
SET JDK=%~dp0\jre
SET JAVA_EXE=%JDK%\bin\java.exe
"%JAVA_EXE%" -XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC -jar DW4UI.jar --backup &
pause
</pre>
Download a JRE and put it into divewire directory with this batch.

Just choose CoCo2 from the DriveWire Server simple config wizard.
Keep all the default selections.

== Links ==

* [http://archive.worldofdragon.org/phpBB3/viewtopic.php?f=5&t=781 DIY instructions]
* [http://archive.worldofdragon.org/phpBB3/viewtopic.php?f=5&t=4964 DWLOAD]
* [http://archive.worldofdragon.org/phpBB3/viewtopic.php?f=6&t=4270 buy a tormod's Drivewire Adapter]
* [http://archive.worldofdragon.org/phpBB3/viewtopic.php?f=6&t=4854 buy a tormod's Drivewire deluxe cased adapters]

[[Category:Documentation]] [[Category:Hardware]] [[Category:DIY_Projects]] [[Category:Drivewire]]

Dragon 32/64 Drivewire Adapter

2014-11-10T16:27:40Z

Jedie:

Dragon 32/64 Drivewire Adapter

2014-11-10T16:20:37Z

Jedie:

Dragon 32/64 Drivewire Adapter

2014-11-10T16:16:14Z

Jedie:

Dragon 32/64 Drivewire Adapter

2014-11-10T16:13:14Z

Jedie:

[[File:Drivewire.jpg]]‎

See DIY instructions [http://archive.worldofdragon.org/phpBB3/viewtopic.php?f=5&t=781 in this post]

or buy a [http://archive.worldofdragon.org/phpBB3/viewtopic.php?f=6&t=4270 tormod's Drivewire Adapter]

See also: [[Drivewire_for_dummies]]

== Hardware ==

The built-in serial UART is the CP2102

== Windows ==

Windows driver can be downloaded from the chip manufacturer: http://www.silabs.com/products/mcu/pages/usbtouartbridgevcpdrivers.aspx

[[Category:Documentation]] [[Category:Hardware]] [[Category:DIY_Projects]] [[Category:Drivewire]]

Dragon 32/64 Drivewire Adapter

2014-11-10T16:12:46Z

Jedie:

[[File:Drivewire.jpg]]‎

See DIY instructions [http://archive.worldofdragon.org/phpBB3/viewtopic.php?f=5&t=781 in this post]

or buy a [http://archive.worldofdragon.org/phpBB3/viewtopic.php?f=6&t=4270 tormod's Drivewire Adapter]

See also: [[Drivewire_for_dummies]]

== Hardware

The built-in serial UART is the CP2102

== Windows

Windows driver can be downloaded from the chip manufacturer: http://www.silabs.com/products/mcu/pages/usbtouartbridgevcpdrivers.aspx

[[Category:Documentation]] [[Category:Hardware]] [[Category:DIY_Projects]] [[Category:Drivewire]]

Dragon 32/64 Drivewire Adapter

2014-11-10T16:11:42Z

Jedie: Category:Drivewire

Category:Drivewire

2014-11-10T16:11:06Z

Jedie: Created page with "All paged about Drivewire"

All paged about Drivewire

Drivewire for dummies

2014-11-10T16:10:34Z

Jedie: Category:Drivewire

Drivewire for Dummies - by Robert Hermanek
(originally posted on the coco list)

== Drivewire for Dummies - Part 1 ==

Background: Once upon a time, if you were lucky you had a color computer with a disk controller. (If not, you were biting your nails hoping your cassettes loaded.) If you had a disk system, then you could have up to 4 drives, and they were labelled drives 0 through 3, and you selected which disk drive you wanted to use with the drive command:

DRIVE n

Each of these four physical 5 1/4 floppies would store approximately 160k of data. Back in the day, this was pretty huge. Although disks were more reliable and much faster than cassette, disk failures or directory crashes were still quite common.

After the floppy era, hard drives started making an appearance. Harddrives are orders of magnitude larger (megs vs. kilobytes) however for usage in disk extended basic on a color computer, these larger devices would still have to be presented as "virtual floppies" of 160k each, so that a massive rewrite of DECB (disk extended color basic) would not be necessary, and also to avoid incompatibilities with old software.

HDB-DOS appeared on the scene eventually in order to facilitate connecting to a hard drive from DECB and getting access to your new space in friendly 160k virtual disks.

Next, some very clever folks (insert list of all the geniuses involved here) came up with "DriveWire." For the coco, it still comes down to be connected to some large "device." But in fact all read/write disk requests are redirected out the rs-232 port, and a server application on the far side (on a modern PC) will respond to the request and send data back to the coco. The coco sees this data as the response of a sector read (for example) from a floppy disk, just like back in the day when it was connected to actual coco disk drives via a disk controller.

For drivewire to work then, there are four things you need:
# a coco running HDB-DOS
# a cable connecting rs-232 to serial port on PC
# a drivewire server application running on the PC
# a disk image mounted and ready in the drivewire server app.

Now a little discussion of disk images, and people can correct me if I'm wrong.

Once, disk images (files with a DSK extension) were just a handy way of storing the data on a 35 track standard coco disk, so again about a 160k file. This file simply contains each track, each sector, in order, and the 256 bytes that make up each sector.

For the purpose of drivewire however, these DSK images started being placed in collections, since we didn't want to just work with one virtual floppy, but many virtual floppies.

Going back to the coco running HDB-DOS, there are now two commands for selecting which drive you want to access:

DRIVE n

This is the same command I mentioned above, and it will choose which virtual disk you want to use on the currently selected device. Now for original coco's running a disk controller, there was no talk of what device you wanted to access--you were accessing your disk controller, and if you were lucky you had more than one drive connected to it. You could then say DRIVE 0 or DRIVE 3 to access your disks.

When connecting to scsi devices came about, a new command was added:

DRIVE #n

Yes, looks the same except for the # symbol. This command selects which device you want to access. For example, if you had a scsi controller connected to your coco, with 2 physical harddrives attached, each of these harddrives would contain their own collections of virtual floppy disks. So all of the following are possible:

DRIVE #0
DRIVE 0 - first virtual disk on device 0
DRIVE 1 - next virutal disk on device 0
(etc)

DRIVE #1
DRIVE 0 - first virtual disk on device 1
DRIVE 1 - next virtual disk on device 1

(etc)

Now we get our sites back on drivewire, and here is what we come up with:

1) When you use the DRIVE #n command, you are selecting the "device," but for drivewire this simply means which source file (collection) of virtual floppies you wish to use. This collection is a single file (like a single physical harddrive back in the day) that contains, one after another, virtual floppy disk images.

2) When you use the DRIVE n command, you are choosing which virtual floppy on the currently selected collection you wish to use.

3) The real bonus: Back in the day with physical devices, you were limited to how many devices and disks you had by what you really had--in drivewire there is no limit other than the device and disk #'s have to be a byte value. That means you can select any device # 0 - 255 (DW4 server), and any drive # 0 to 255 on each device. 256 X 256 = 65,536 virtual disks that can be accessed by a coco connected to a drivewire server. That's a whole bunch of space!

So a final summary is:

# Get HDB-DOS running on coco, get server running on PC, get connected with a cable. (we'll get the specifics of the cable soon)
# In the server application, choose as many disk collections (that will be seen as "devices" in HDB-DOS) mounted as you would like.
# Select your current collection from the coco using the DRIVE #n command, and then choose your current virtual floppy disk using the DRIVE n command.

== Drivewire for Dummies - Part 2 - The Cable ==

Dragon Adapter
[[Dragon_32/64_Drivewire_Adapter]]

or

CoCo Drivewire Cable
http://www.mediafire.com/?c91gj67kw7q6yzu (CoCo DriveWire Serial Cable
pin-out diagrams)

== Drivewire for Dummies - Part 3 - Chicken and Egg ==

All the previous explanation assumes that you have HDB-DOS running on your coco. So how do you get it running on your coco?

1) If you have a disk system, you can get or create a physical disk that contains the HDB-DOS program. This includes a loader that basically gets HDB-DOS into RAM, then pulls the rug out from under DECB and replaces it with HDB-DOS. From then on you are accessing virtual disks through your rs-232 port instead of real disks through your controller cartridge.

There have been .DSK images posted here, that if restored to a physical floppy, would give you a nice HDB-DOS loader disk. However if you do not have drivewire already running, it can be pretty difficult to get the .DSK copied to a real floppy. There are PC utilities that can do this, assuming you have properly configured floppy drives on your PC (I've never gotten this to work myself.) Your best bet might be to have someone you know help you out and mail you a disk. Otherwise, does anyone know if you can still get a HDB-DOS disk from cloud9tech? That would be a valuable service I think...

2) You can load HDB-DOS loader from cassette. Now, you don't have to use an actual tape -- if you have a .WAV file on your PC that contains all the screeching and wailing we all know and love from our younger days, you can get the audio out on your PC connected to the audio in on your coco, then hit play on your .WAV file and "load" it into your coco. Or, you could play the .WAV onto an actual tape recorder if you wanted to load from a physical cassette. I feel like someone recently successfully loaded HDB-DOS using a .WAV file, if so, please reply directly to me with your audio file if you are willing--I'd like to test it myself, keep it on hand, and possibly help other drivewire newbies in the future...

3) You can burn an eprom with hdb-dos and place it in a cartridge so that it loads on boot. This is by far the most elegant, but also the most technically challenging. How to burn and install ROM images is a subject all its own, and I'm afraid I do not know enough about it. Again, cloud9tech will help you out, they did me!

== Drivewire for Dummies - Part 4 - DRIVE #n vs. DRIVE n ==

When it comes to daily usage, the most initially confusing thing about drivewire I think is all this talk of "devices" versus "disks," and sometimes other terms are used. I'm not really sure what the best approach is to clarify this, but I'll take a shot at it...

First, it is unfortunate perhaps that we did not choose a different file extension for files that are collections of images, as opposed to a single image. If you have a .DSK file that contains a single image, this is what you will have (in terms of DECB)

35 tracks X 18 sectors X 256 bytes per sector = 161,280 bytes, or approximately a 160k file.

For the purposes of drivewire however, when you mount a .DSK file as DRIVE #0 for example (in the slot for device 0), this .DSK file is actually a collection of images, and as I mentioned before, perhaps we should have chosen a different file extension such as ".DEV" for "device" or "DWD" for drivewire disks (or something.) Regardless, this file is simple, and is just virtual disk images lined up one after another. The server application figures out what offset is necessary to find the right data.

An example: Let's say you mount file "MyUtils.DSK" in slot 0 on drivewire server, and "MyGames.DSK" in slot 1 on drivewire server. Then the following HDB-DOS commands on your coco will perform these functions:

DRIVE #0
-- selects MyUtils.DSK

DRIVE 0
-- will access first 160k disk, data starting at byte 1 through byte 161,280.

DRIVE 1
-- will access second disk, data starting at byte 161,281 through byte 322,560

DRIVE 2
-- will access third disk, data starting at byte 322,561 through byte 483,840

To access your games...

DRIVE #1
-- selects MyGames.DSK

Now, the DRIVE 0 command mentioned above will not give you access to the first disk on your Utils collection, but instead the first disk in your Games collection.

In the new Drivewire 4 server applicaiton, it sounds like all these mappings can be changed as needed, but for this discussion I'm just assuming that DRIVE 0 through DRIVE 255 on the coco are mapped in the same order into a corresponding file on the server side.

This is basically all you need to know about drivewire to access data from your PC... When I have a little more time, I'll try to list the commands for some of the more common things people do with Drivewire.

[[Category:Documentation]] [[Category:Hardware]] [[Category:Software]] [[Category:DIY_Projects]] [[Category:Drivewire]]

Keyboard

2014-09-30T13:57:23Z

Jedie: add coco

[[File:Dragon32Keyboard4.JPG|500px|link=]]

How the keyboard matrix scan work is described in "Inside the Dragon" book on page 198-204.

Dragon 32 keyboard map:

<pre>
LSB $FF02 MSB
| PB0 PB1 PB2 PB3 PB4 PB5 PB6 PB7 <- column
----|----------------------------------------------
PA0 | 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 LSB
PA1 | 8 9 : ; , - . / $
PA2 | @ A B C D E F G F
PA3 | H I J K L M N O F
PA4 | P Q R S T U V W 0
PA5 | X Y Z Up Down Left Right Space 0
PA6 | ENT CLR BRK N/C N/C N/C N/C SHFT
PA7 - Comparator input MSB
^
|
row
</pre>

CoCo keyboard map:

<pre>
LSB $FF02 MSB
| PB0 PB1 PB2 PB3 PB4 PB5 PB6 PB7 <- column
----|----------------------------------------------
PA0 | @ A B C D E F G LSB
PA1 | H I J K L M N O $
PA2 | P Q R S T U V W F
PA3 | X Y Z Up Down Left Right Space F
PA4 | 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0
PA5 | 8 9 : ; , - . / 0
PA6 | ENT CLR BRK N/C N/C N/C N/C SHFT
PA7 - Comparator input MSB
^
|
row
</pre>

e.g. (Dragon):
* 'U' $55 -> col: 5 - row: 4
* 'Y' $59 -> col: 1 - row: 5

If "U" is pressed, then when PB5 of PIA0 is LOW, PA4 of PIA0 will read LOW, else it will read HIGH.

Similarly if "A" is pressed then when PB1 is LOW, PA2 will read LOW, else it will read HIGH.

Each key is just a switch bridging a row and a column - if the column is low, then the row will be pulled low when the key is pressed (the A side of the PIA has an internal pull-up, so in input mode it will read as high if not connected to anything - no key pressed).

matrix columns '''PB0-PB7''' are:
* configured as outputs
* connected to: $ff02 -> PIA 0 B side Data register

matrix rows '''PA0-PA6''' are:
* configured as inputs
* connected to: $ff00 -> PIA 0 A side Data register

Forum threads:
* http://archive.worldofdragon.org/phpBB3/viewtopic.php?f=5&t=4905

[[Category:Documentation]] [[Category:Hardware]] [[Category:Software]]

Category:Update Issue

2014-09-02T07:20:54Z

Jedie: Created page with 'Dragon Update Newsletter. Below are the archived copies of the Dragon Update newsletter of the Dragon Users Club.'

Dragon Update Newsletter.

Below are the archived copies of the Dragon Update newsletter of the Dragon Users Club.

Dragon Update

2014-09-02T07:20:35Z

Jedie: Category:Magazines Category:Update_Issue

'''Dragon Update Newsletter.'''

Below are the archived copies of the Dragon Update newsletter of the Dragon Users Club.

The National Dragon User Group has been around since August 1984 but unfortunately is no longer running although its replacement still exists as a Yahoo Group.

'''PLEASE NOTE:''' addresses and phone numbers in the newsletter are likely to be out of date so please do not bother the people who now own them!

== 1984 ==

[[Update Issue 1 (Sep)]]

[[Update Issue 2 (Oct)]]

[[Update Issue 3 (Nov)]]

[[Update Issue 4 (Dec)]]

== 1985 ==

[[Update Issue 5 (Jan)]]

[[Update Issue 6 (Feb)]]

[[Update Issue 7 (Mar)]]

[[Update Issue 8 (Apr)]]

[[Update Issue 9 (May)]]

[[Update Issue 10 (Jun)]]

[[Update Issue 11 (Jul)]]

[[Update Issue 12 (Aug)]]

[[Update Issue 13 (Sep)]]

[[Update Issue 14 (Oct)]]

[[Update Issue 15 (Nov)]]

[[Update Issue 16 (Dec)]]

== 1986 ==

[[Update Issue 17 (Jan)]]

[[Update Issue 18 (Feb)]]

[[Update Issue 19 (Mar)]]

== 1987 ==

== 1988 onwards ==

[http://archive.worldofdragon.org/archive/index.php?dir=Magazines/Dragon%20Update/ Issue 45 onwards]

[[Category:Magazines]] [[Category:Update_Issue]]

Update Issue 8 (Apr)

2014-09-02T07:19:32Z

Jedie: Category:Magazines Category:Update_Issue

<CENTER>
[[File:DGU008T.GIF|Dragon Update Logo]]
</CENTER>
 
Issue 8.
<PRE>
Chairman Paul Grade, Editor Jeremy Hoyland,
6 Navarino Road, 120 Old Heath Road,
Worthing, Hythe, Colchester,
Sussex. Essex.
Tel 207585 46979.
</PRE>

Firstly editorial apologia; sorry it's late -sod's law proving itself once again,
produce an issue of Update, write a prolog assignment, do research for dissertation, build
a box set and run two parties, all in the same fortnight. Secondly, and more seriously,
part two of the speech synthesizer has walked I hope to have it back for issue nine.


Following on from what I said last month, this could be my last newsletter as editor.
Henceforth can you send any material to Paul who will handle things in the transition,
if I'm still editing next months he'll pass them back to me, otherwise on to my successor.
By the way we've had one or two people who are interested but it's not too late to put
your name forward. For the Dragon things seem to be a bit mixed, the groups going,
there is a board for the beastie and Eurohard are actually churning new machines out.
On the other hand, despite the interest shown at the two 6809 shows there seems to be a
dearth of new products and programs and software has all but disappeared from the high
street. Hopefully the new machines was start to pick up the momentum lost by Dragon Data
and we will see a renaisence of the market, onlt time will tell.


In case this is my last issue I would like to thank all those I have been associated
with over the last months, particularly Paul, Neil and Pauline who have been the mainstays
of the newsletter. To everyone else who has ever contributed ta!! To the readers
thanks for putting your money where my mouth is. It has been a privelage and sorry
about the spelin.

<CENTER>
<H3>
THE SECOND 6809 SHOW.
</H3>
</CENTER>

Thousands of people attended the Show during the last weekend in March. All of
the oId names were there but, encouragingly, so were quite a few new ones. The
message from this Show is the same as the Iast......Support for the Dragon is
strong, but software houses STILL cannot persuade distribution agents to take
on software for our machines.


First the big news...Following the appointment of Compusense as the UK Agent
for Eurohard's products, the Dragon has a new home. ConsequentIy the Dragon is
very important to Compusense. They provide not only their excellent Flex suite
of software but also hardware. I for one have ordered an additional disc drive
from them. I have also bought the wonderful "Colossal Cave Adventure". Even
though I had bought my copy ahead of the Show, Ted OpyrchaI tells me I am
still permitted to take up his challange, which is that if ANYONE can make a
working backup copy of this disc based program, and return it to Compusense,
Mr OpyrchaI will send him (or her) a free Dragon 64!!. The onIy limitation to
this challange is a straight forward one...to be eligibIe you need to return
the guarantee / registration card that you receive when you purchase the
program.(I've tried, but so far been unsuccessfuI).


Compusense seem to be 100% committed to the Dragon, and they deserve our
support. On the horizon is a hard disc system, an 80 column by 24 line
display, plus full support from Eurohard...so keep your eyes peeled.

 
 

Telecommunications is an area of growing interest for Dragon owners. Over 30
enquiries were received at our Show stand about this subject. The Demon (nee
Unicom) modem is available for less than fifty quid, and Dragon Users Group
Member Barry Knapp is currently writing an OS9 modem software
package......Let's hope that it will be available soon.


Brian Lloyd is running a 24 hour bulletin board for the Dragon; it uses an 8
bit, no parity 300/300 baud protocol. The home number is:-0376-518818.


Cumana Ltd. were having another successful Show. They now offer their own
Dragon DOS compatible disc controller, and tell me that the old Premier Delta
is no longer selling very well. It would be interesting to hear from other
Members with drives as to their favourite system.


A new software / hardware company called Vidipix have bought out a title which
is not only original but better than the Jigsaw game that it simuIates. Neil
Scrimgeour can teIl you more about this highly recommended piece of software,
and about Vidipix's other products....a combat flight simulator and a 232
board for the Dragon 32's. Neil can be contacted at 125, Occupation Road,
Corby, Northants NN17-1EG.


Another new company to the Dragon market is Quickbeam Software. They have some
excellent titles to offer, including "The Shrinking Professor", "Dickie's
Den", and my personal favourite, "Dickie Spaceman".


Quickbeam can be contacted at 67, Nazeing Road, Broxbourne, Herts.EN10-6RN.
This company produces the famous DUPLICAS tape back-up utility, and are worth
contacting for this alone!.


Design Design have available soon a new OS9 generated program called "Dark
Star". Those of you who have seen "Rommel's Revenge" will want to rush out and
buy this, but you can't! Instead you will have to telephone your order on
061-205-6603. Once again we Dragon Users have to suffer because of the lack of
retail outlets!.


Peaksoft are famous for their sport simulations. They aIso sell the best pot
joysticks that i've ever used!. My original Dragon Data pair finalIy gave in a
week before the Show.


The news from Peaksoft is that they have a bigger and better version of
"Champions" available at the 'trade-in' price of just 150 pennies !!.


Blaby have some brilliant games at budget price. Don't Iet the low cost fool
you!. What's more, they have masses of new titles in the pipeline. Two stand
out....one is an (as yet) unnamed graphic adventure, the other is called
"Gissajob", and looks to be great fun. Blaby intend seIling 3 in 1
compilations for less than four pounds!.


Our Dragon Users Group stand was extremely busy for most of the time. Many new
Members signed up, and lots of application forms were taken, so let's hope
that the Group continues to expand.


Ken Grade proved to be invaluable on the Saturday, answering many queries. In
fact there seems to be a very real need for a forum within our Group to answer
Members problems and general queries. (There is!...all that thinking makes my
brain hurt!!!!!. Paul.G.). How about it?, if you are interested contact Paul
on Worthing 207585.


Finally, a big "Thank You" to the organisers, Computer Marketplace Limited,
whose faith in the Dragon enabled the Show to be held. In particular, "Thanks"
to Ray Rhodan for his very generous help and cooperation.


Stephen Cotterell..............................Telephone:-0273-779295.

<CENTER>
OS-9 PASCAL REVIEW
</CENTER>
<PRE>
INTRODUCTION By Jason Shouler
</PRE>

The OS9 Pascal package consists of two disks and a large User's
Manual. The language conforms, in all but a few ad well documented
instances to the level 0 ISO spec. The principal differences lie with
the fairly extensive enhancements which abound within OS9 Pascal.
However, these are optional, and so a high degree of portability can
be maintained if desired. The manual includes the full set of Pascal
functions and procedures, so anyone well versed in Basic09 should have
little trouble picking up the language if they're a newcomer.


A warning is given that a dual drive is required to use the
package. This is somewhat misleading, as it's just possible to use a
single drive, providing you don't intend to compile very large
programs. However, having just said that, it can't be emphasized too
highly that any operations with OS9 are a lot easier with twin drives.
One disk contains the compiler and runtime interpreters (yes, there
are two!) and the other, the native code translator. It's possible to
put all of the files onto one disk, but this leaves so little space
for normal OS9 system commands that the disk would be effectively
unusable.


It should perhaps be made clear that 'OS9 Pascal' is not a stand
alone package. You will also need some form of text editor to prepare
your source listing, and if you want to produce native machine code
from the Pcode produced, you will aIso need the OS9 assembler. Since
the OS9 editor/assembler contains a macro-editor, anyone starting from
scratch will need the OS9 system, editor/assembler and Pascal packages
to really get started.


OS9 Pascal complements rather than replaces the operating
system. All the powerful OS9 input/output facilities are available to
the pascal programmer. Multi-tasking while compiling, for example, is
a doddle.


THE COMPILER


The compiler follows conventional form in that the first step is
to produce a disk text file of your Pascal source pogram. Both
'stylo' and 'editor' are useful here (or even 'build' if you're really
desperate!). Having done that, 'PASCAL' is called to compile and check
for errors. Extensive optional parameters may be added to the command
line to inhibit source listings, specify page length and width, pcode
file name, symbol dumps etc. The actual command line is rather
interesting as it accepts its input via an OS9 redirection specifier.
The implication of this is that 'normal' input is via the keyboard,
and on experiment, this is found to be the case although no mention of
this is made in the manual.


The printed program listing (if requested) provides very
comprehensive information including page number, title, subtitle,
statement number, byte location and nesting level. When errors are
encountered, a pointer and pascal error number are printed under the
relevant statement. Providing the 'pascalerrs' file resides on the
system disk full english error messages will also be provided, just as
they are by the OS9 'printerr' module. You can also personalize the
messages with suitable comments if you wish!! One problem with the
compiler, which is shared by many other compilers (such as Basic09) is
that a singIe error can have an accumulative effect causing many other
error messages throughout the listing. A nice touch with OS9 Pascal is
that error messages refer back to previous errors, in an attempt to

<H3>
ASCI (ADVENTURES,SIMULATIONS and CONUNDRUMS INCORPORATED) CORNER
</H3>

This months ASCI corner is going to be a bit different.I was going to review
J.MORRISONS first adventure 'RIVER of FIRE' but the problem is that i've got
absolutely nowhere with it!Therefore i can't tell you what it is like.First
impressions are that it is good value at 3.95,with some reservations.


So this month i am going to review 'JET SET WILLY'.Now i know your'e all
saying that it's an arcade and shouldn't be in this column,but i think it's the
nearest we are going to get to an 'Adventure Arcade'.


I got the prog at the recent 6809 show which was held in London.The guy
managing the Software Projects stand was none other than the Author Roy
Coates.My own company's stand,Vidipix,was next door so i had the opportunity to
have a good natter with him.He also decided to join the group,so we might get
some tips from him on how to play his programs.


So whats the program like?Well i suppose the best way to describe it is that
for the past week when i've come home from work i've loaded the prog up and
played with it until food time.After food time i've gone back to it
again.Regular readers will know that i am not an arcade fan so this should give
you some idea of how good it is.


In Manic Miner you had to progress through a set pattern of rooms collecting
all the objects before you went on to the next screen.In JSW you can wander from
room to room and do what you like.The Spectrum version had 60 rooms,the Dragon
version has 75!I've been playing JSW for a week now and have only been to about
35 rooms,and i haven't even started collecting the items yet!


The animation of the characters is quicker than MM.By that i mean that the
figures move more quickly.The problems set are in some ways the same as MM as
there are certain routes you must take to get through to the next screen.One of
the worst features in MM (Manic Miner) is that you only had 3 lives.This has
been amended and now you get 7 in JSW.If i was to criticise anything in the prog
(and it would be nit picking) it would be that some of the rooms are very bland
and devoid of problems (the Back Stairway is one).I presume it is because Roy
had to copy the original JSW.Mind you,easy rooms can give you time to relax.


The controls are as MM with the addition of optional joystick control (a
welcome addition).Instead of the perpetual music being on or off you can have it
as loud or as quiet as you want.There is also the obligatory PAUSE key.


To sum up the prog then,I hate Roy Coates.I can't get anything done now.As
soon as i see that cassette there i've got to load it.This prog deserves an
Oscar or a computer equivalent!Hold on,guess what cassette i've seen!


Neil Scrimgeour


overcome this problem.


THE RUNTIME INTERPRETER


There are two interpreters, the Normal interpreter (PASCALN) and
the page Swapping interpreter (PASCALS). Pascaln is used for the
majority of applications, providing the Pcode file is not too big for
available memory, Pascals is used to run pcode files which are too big
to be handled by conventional 64k micro systems by using disk space as
virtual memory. The manual suggests that the maximum is over 8
megabytes of code. However, until someone attaches a harddisk to the
Dragon, that figure is destined to be purely theoretical. Runing the
pcode file is simply a matter of typing 'pascaln' followed by the name
of the file to be run (if no file name was mentioned at the compile
stage, then the pcode file will be called PCODEF by default). Many
optional run-time parameters may also be specified on the command
line, as well as the ability to pass information to the program
itself. Run-time errors are also easily dealt with by the use of a
debug option which specifies the precise statement line at which an
error occurs.


ASSEMBLY CODE THE EASY WAY


Having fully debugged your source program, the second disk
provides you with the ability to convert the Pcode file to an Assembly
code listing. The pascal translator (PASCALT.PRUN) has to be RUN by
Pascals (P RUN - get it!), the page swapping interpreter, and this
clearly makes a considerable load on the operating system. So much so,
that it's necessary to abandon the normal Dragon/OS9 6.0k display
(51X24) for the 0.5k 32X16 display. You can forget about multi-tasking
too, for the program requires communication with the user. The listing
produced is impressive, being written in fully position indepedent
re-entrant code (re-entrant: may be used by two or more tasks/users at
the same time!).


Experienced assembly programmers may edit the listing at this
point if they wish. A nice feature is the inclusion of statement
numbers in the form of comment lines which allow a comparison to be
made between the original source program and the assembly code which
replaces it.


The last step is to use the OS9 Assembler (not included) to
produce a native (machine)code command nodule which will reside in the
CMDS directory. The module may then be freely used like most other OS9
commands. The increase in speed possible is well demorstrated by the
accompanying table.


EXPEPTS START HERE!


The foregoing would probably satisfy most pascal programmers,
but there is more. A further module (PASCALE) allows the linking of,
speed essential, External native code within a compiled pascal
program. Add to this, the extensive range of serial/random access
input/output functions, the ability to pass commands to OS9 via the
SHELL function, then the opportunities for the system programmer start
to look very exciting!

<PRE>
PASCAL Dragon BBC Apple QL Dragon Spectrum Amstrad
BENCHMARK ISO ISO USSD Pcode Native Native Native
magnifier 4.90 2.40 6.40 1.00 0.30 0.85 2.95
repeatloop 56.90 119.70 63.30 40.10 3.30 7.80 30.50
whileloop 71.60 120.00 70.90 45.10 4.80 8.90 33.80
forloop 58.90 29.60 74.30 11.00 5.00 7.10 29.50
literalassign 71.40 52.30 88.50 22.00 6.10 7.50 30.50
memoryaccess 72.80 53.10 91.00 20.70 6.40 7.80 30.40
unequalif 97.30 105.20 115.30 40.50 7.90 10.60 33.40
equalif 99.30 105.60 116.70 42.50 8.10 10.60 33.50
noparamters 33.60 30.70 50.20 15.30 11.20 6.50 18.60
reference 36.30 34.80 55.30 17.50 12.00 7.20 19.40
value 36.30 37.90 54.40 18.70 12.20 7.20 19.50
realalgebra 48.40 58.30 83.40 37.90 36.70 21.40 20.80
realarithmetic 62.70 61.20 93.00 43.80 50.80 20.70 19.90
vector 171.30 202.10 203.30 77.50 51.70 17.00 40.50
maths 332.40 346.10 66.00 10.20 321.20 9.30 9.00

Notice how the Dragon and the BBC micro are both penalized for their full 9.5 significant
digit calculating accuracy in all maths functions.
</PRE>
<H3>
Special offers:-
</H3>

If all goes according to pIan we may have some VERY interesting hardware
offers for you next month!...,. For those of you into construction and EPROM
blowing we may be able to offer some exceptionally usefuI video machine
boards....many in full working order...at ridiculously low prices, and an
equally cheap selection of EPROM chips as well!
 
In addition, I'm told that we may be able to get hold of some ex-news agency
machinery...like greenscreen monitors for less than 20.00 and printers for
under 30.00, so watch this space!!!, as soon as I have more details I'll let
you know.


Currently, the Group has made a purchase of self adhesive, tractor feed
labels, the same as the ones on the envelpoe that this Newsletter arrived in.
We can offer these to members at 3.00 for 500 including postage, or 5.75 per
1000 inclusive. If you are interested, please order NOW, because we may not
be able to get any more at this price.
 
Orders to PauI Grade, cheques made payable to the Group.


DISCS.....
 
We can stilI get you top quality (guaranteed) 5.25" discs at reduced prices:-
 
SS/DD Soft or hard sector.....normal price 22.00.....our price 14.50.
 
DS/DD Soft or hard sector.....normal price 27.00.....our price 15.50.


We can also get you 80 track discs at a greatly reduced price (Yes, Dragon DOS
can handIe them):-
 
SS/DD 80 track................normal price 42.00.....our price 22.40.
DS/DD 80 track................normal price 46.50.....our price 24.00.


ALL PRICES ARE PLUS 15% vat BUT INCLUSIVE OF POSTAGE PER BOX OF 10 DISCS.
 
Some contribution towards postage costs would be appreciated on larger orders.

<H3>
Questions
</H3>

[1]. Can anyone tell me why the Dragon 64 in 48 mode and with Dragon DoS
plugged in will NOT accept a PEEK command if it is given in Hex format?... It
will accept "PRINT PEEK(1536)" for example, but NOT "PRINT PEEK(&H600)". If
you know the answer, please let me know.......................Paul G.


[2]. Why..or rather HOW do some machine code routines, if called in from disc
by a BASIC program, overwrite and corrupt the BASIC even when it is well
"cleared"???....it doesn't happen on my old 32, so presumably there's
something odd going on that Dragon Data forgot to mention!.
 
Incidentally, this seems to be common to ALL 64's.

Dear Jeremy,


First of all, I have recently bought a new Dragon 64
and disk drive from Compusense, to stop my old 32 getting
lonely. (One of the first from Eurohard). So I now have more
time to use it because my wife still doesn't speak to me yet.
What a difference disks make, and what a saving in coffee!.


Following your review of Cotswolds' modem package, I
purchased one. (Wife and dog now want a divorce!!). Seriously,
this is an excellent package, everything worked first time and I
use it now virtualy every night. I am setting up a charity to
pay the 'phone bill. It is well worth it though, if only to use
Brian Lloyd's board. (A very helpfull man is Mr. LLoyd).


On the subject of modems etc, I'll enclose a few tips and
a simple basic program for anyone who wants to use the 64's
RS232 port. This could save someone the hours of wasted time
that I spent trying to get it working, as the 64 supplement is
less than useless. To connect the port to a modem, wire only Rx,
Tx and GND, then short CTS accross to DTR, simple when you know
how. To control the port, there are four memory locations,
&HFF04 to &HFF07. FF04 is the read/write loc'n, FF05 is the
status word loc'n, FF06 is parity set loc'n and FF07 is the bit
set and baud rate set loc'n. Anyway here is the short program to
run a modem using it:-

<PRE>
5 CLEAR200,11999:X=12000
10 IF (PEEK(&HFF05)AND8))>=8 THEN20ELSE30
20 PRINTCHR$(PEEK(&HFF04));:X=X+1:POKE X,PEEK(&HFF04)
30 I$=INKEY$:IF I$=""THEN10
40 POKE &HFF04,ASC(I$):GOTO10
</PRE>

Before using this. Loc'ns FF06 & 07 have to be set up.
For most Bulletin Boards use POKE &HFF06,75:POKE &HFF07,54. But
for the Dragon Board, which uses 8 bit characters, POKE
&HFF06,11:POKE &HFF07,22. Line 20, as well as printing whatever
is recieved to the screen, Pokes the info' into spare memory, so
that it can be reviewed after ,hang up, with a basic line such
as - FOR X=12000TO32766:PRINTCHR*(PEEK(X));:FORT=1TO10:NEXT T,X.
It can also be printed or saved as a machine code file.


Eric Dongain,
 
Manchester.

<CENTER>
<H3>
PIXEL PAFRK.
</H3>
</CENTER>

Fearless Freddy by Pocket Money Software.
 
This is one of a breed of £1.99 games available through Microdeal. The first screen
consists of a set of platforms with an ascending lift in the middle, and dotted around
are various pieces of furniture which must all be collected before you move onto the
next screen. Don't forget to avoid the fireballs and cauldron, and keep your eye on
the thermometer. To make matters worse the controls are extremely responsive and the
slightest nudge on the joystick moves you halfway across the room! I got the hang of
it eventually and so on to screen two. This consists of more platforms, with coveyor
belts going dackwards and forwards, I suspect all the screens are like this -thes same
platforms and lifts arranged in different ways. But then aren't all games like that?
However I have only had time to play it once so I can't vouch for the other screens.


If it had cost the usual £7.99 I would have been pushing it to say it was worth it,
but at £1.99 it's a snip! Give it a go, if only to support the new move towards
cheaper, qualitv software.

<PRE>
Graphics 65
Sound 50
Originality 50
Interest 60
Overall 60
</PRE>

Alan Cook.

<H3>
Issue Eight......April 1985.
</H3>

Well, where were you?????..We had a stand at the Show, we had a Iot of
enquiries from prospective new Members, but only a couple of dozen of YOU
actually turned up!!!. OK, I know it is a Iong way for a lot of you to
travel, and I know, only too well, that money is tight at the moment, but if
the old Dragon is going to do more than just survive it needs YOUR support,
and that can best be shown by being SEEN to be interested.


Attendance at the Show was good, though not as great as at the November one,
but just about every exhibitor that I spoke to had the same
complaint....everyone looking, no one buying! Well, in some cases that could
well be their own fault, there are still a lot of firms pushing the same tired
old software at inflated prices, but there ARE some trying hard to be original
and to give you a fair deal, and they can't survive without help from YOU.
Support for a machine is more than just saying "I like it", it means
demonstrating that it is WORTH software and publishing companies investing
their money in it, so please, don't just sit at home and complain that there's
no support for the Dragon...GIVE IT YOURS!!.


While we're on the subject of the Show, I'd like to say thank you to Steve
Cotterell, Jonathan Hughes, Ken Grade, Walter Norrington, and the others of
you who spent time helping out at the Stand, and to Neil Scrimgeour who did
the signwriting for us ...your help is much appreciated, and we couldn't have
managed without you.


Thanks too to Ray Rhoden of Computer Marketplace for his very generous
cooperation.


That's enough on that subject for the moment. As you read in the last
"Update", Jeremy will be giving up Editing the Newsletter shortly, owing to
pressure of other committments, and I'm sure you'll agree that he's owed a
vote of thanks for all the work and effort that he's put into getting this
Group off the ground and getting the Newsletters out every month. Jeremy was
one of the first to reply to reply to my letter about starting a group, and
without his assistance it would probably have never got started at aIl.


Until we finalise arrangements for a new Editor, pIease send ALL materiaI for
publication to me, otherwise there's a chance that your contribution might get
mislaid in the "changeover". Don't worry, the Newsletters will still be out on
time as usual, so keep the material coming in...the more the better!.


Paul Grade

<CENTER>
<H3>
DELTADOS DISK BENCHMARK TIMINGS.
 
</H3>
(Harvey Nyman).
</CENTER>

In a recent copy of the Dragon Uses Group Newsletter,I was interested to
read of the benchmari tests,which Jason Shouler had carried out on DragonDOS
on the Dragon 32. He asked for voluntees to test other drives and the Delta
operating system,as marketed by Premier Microsystems (also no longer
trading!!).


I run a Cumana drive under Delta with my Dragon 32 which as you probably
know,is a single sided,double density drive giving 180K bytes per disc.
Additionally,I have a friend who has the same DOS with a Canon dive,as
originally supplied by Premier,which is double sided,single density of similar
storage capacity.


Jason kindly supplied the DragorDOS version plus the oiginal of Eric
Bagshaw's Benchmark test program. With considerable help from Jason I have
converted this to run with Delta, and the test results for the two
systems,with the DragonDOS results for comparison,are as follows.

<PRE>
DOS T0 T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8
DRAGON 2 17 32 13 11 66 9 86 20
CUMANA 3 47 34 49 12 147 25 162 37
CANON 3 31 16 31 13 137 28 178 40

T9 T10 T11 T12 T13 TOTAL
DRAGON 8 12 142 18 25 461
CUMANA 9 25 566 332 69 1519
CANON 11 28 581 384 80 1550
</PRE>

As you see,the DragonDOS seems to outperform DELTA in most tests. The
differences are particularly marked in those tests in which file creation is
inolved Test 7,for example measures the time taken to ceate and open 20
random files in turn,write one record (10 bytes long),and then close. Delta's
minimum size file is one domain of 256 bytes,and I have not been able to
create shorter,and therefore faster,files. The oiginal program is in Basic-80
V 5.2,which only allocated the neccessary disc space and no more. Both Jason
and I feel that DeltaDOS is therefore unlikely to perform well if asked to
create these unneccessarily long files. Has anyone with rather more experience
than I,have any suggestions?


In spite of all this even DeltaDOS doesn't do badly,compared to other more
expensive systems.

<H3>
Redundant Information Department.
</H3>

By popular request (!), a repeat of a couple of old routines:-
 
To disable the autorun on a m/c tape program try the following:-
 
CLOADM "NAME",1298
 
CSAVEM"NAME", START ADD.+1298, END ADDRESS, ENTRY ADDRESS
 
CLOADM"NAME",64238
 
Having done this, peek the new addresses and resave in the normal way.


For those of you who can't remember which addresses to peek, the following
routine is as good as most:-
 
PRINT PEEK(487)*256+PEEK(488)
 
PRINT PEEK(126)*256+PEEK(127)
 
PRINT PEEK(157)*256+PEEK(158)


Right!, that's my contribution for the month, but how about some hints from
the rest of you???... It doesn't matter what they are, SOMEONE will probably
find them usefull.

<H3>
Wanna winna program???.
</H3>

Roy Coates of Software Projects has very generously given us some copies of
"Jet Set Willy" and "Manic Miner", and as I'm feeling generous at the moment I
thought I'd give you a chance to win one of 'em.
 
We could do with a bit of artwork for the Newsletter, and it's not fair to
make Neil do ALL the work, so the three best graphic routines to draw a
DRAGON...(animal variety, not plastic!)...that we can use via a screen dump
(mine works best in PMODE4 ) win one of Roy's tapes each. OK?.
 
Send your listing to Paul G., and please state which tape you'd like if you
win.

<CENTER>
<H3>
THIS
 
SPACE
 
TO
 
LET
</H3>
</CENTER>

Dragon update takes classifieds, if you've a printer to sell, a program you need, a game
you've written.....IT PAYS TO ADVERTISE.....especially if it only costs a stamp, well two
actually, one on your letter to us and one on the inside to cover any costs, this is
your newsletter -so use it!
 


[[Category:Magazines]] [[Category:Update_Issue]]

Update Issue 7 (Mar)

2014-09-02T07:19:24Z

Jedie: Category:Magazines Category:Update_Issue

<CENTER>
[[File:DGU007T.GIF|Dragon Update Logo]]
</CENTER>
 
Issue 7.
<PRE>
Chairman Paul Grade, Editor Jeremy Hoyland,
6 Navarino Road, 120 Old Heath Road,
Worthing, Hythe,
Sussex. Colchester,
Essex.
</PRE>

It's one in the morning and I've just been driven twenty mi1es to print this shaft of light
cast on an otherwise dark horizon. (Yes you're right I've been down the boozer and, to add
to my troubles I'm attempting to use a manual typewriter -anathema.) It seems like a good
time to announce my retirement, not this issue or even the next, but within the following
few months I want to pass the editorship of this rag onto someone else; applications on a
postcard to..... This means that all of you who have been bellyaching about the format, content
, spelin' &c. now have achance to make your owr bog-up of the thing.


I feel that as a final duty duty I should choose the next editor, so anyone who is interested
should write in to me at the above address; If you are already a contribtor then you are
likely to meet with more favour, if only because it shows you are dozey enough,to carry on
while the seagulls are using your head for target practice. If you are not a contributor but
fancy a go then send in an article -it'll give me something to print for the last couple of
issues and enable me to judge whether or no you can write.


lf anyone is interested I have decided to relinquish control of 'The Whisperer' due to preasure
of work (finals coming up) rather than any dissolutionment with the Dragon. I still own,
and plan to continue to do so, one of the beasties and will submit articles to the rag, whether
or not they are printed depends on my successor.


On a light er note, we wil1 be at the 6809 show and hope to see you there, you should get a
discount voucher with this issue. We need a lot of new members to join so if you know anyone
who'se going tell them to join up on the day, or send their £7.50 in now -your computer clubs'
cheque account needs you.

<H3>
Redundant Information Dept.
</H3>

For those of you with 64's and Dragon DOS the following may be of interest:-
Exec41194, which works well on 32's and 64's in 32 mode DOESN'T work in 48
mode, and on some 64's doesn't always get on well with the DOS anyway, so try
Exec57578, which will do the same job.


DOS users might like to see the DOS EXEC addresses too, so try typing in the following:-

<PRE>
1 REM DEL 6 IF YOU DON'T WANT A PRINTER DUMP.
2 Z=57044:X=56915
3 FORI=1 TO 26:A$=""
4 A=PEEK(Z):IF A <128 THEN A$=A$+CHR$(A):Z=Z+1:GOTO4 ELSE A$=A$+CHR$(A-128)
5 Z=Z+1:A=PEEK(X)*256+PEEK(X+1):X=X+2
6 PRINT#-2,A$;STRING$(16-LEN(A$),".");A
7 PRINTA$;STRING$(16-LEN(A$),".");A
8 NEXT I
</PRE>
<CENTER>
<H3>
SPEECH SYNTHESISER FOR THE CENTRONICS PORT
</H3>
by N.P. Butcher
 
(reprinted from ACCumulator, the journal of the Amateur Computer Club.)
</CENTER>

Summary


A speech synthesier can be fitted to a Centronics port, or
direct on the bus of a ZX/Sectrum or ACE. It costs about £10, yet has
an unlimited vocabulary.


Introduction


There are various types and forms of speech synthesisers
around and also many kits, often costing an arm and a leg. The kits
and add-ons are normally machine dependant whch makes them
inconvenient and non-transportable. However it is easy to fit this
version to a Centronics port so it will fit straight onto many
computers, or with a lttle extra circuit, fit onto the CPU bus.


Centronics port


(Editors note: This article was witten for the 36 pin
standard Centronics port, the Dragons port is 20 pin but the
connections can be found in several books and manua1s.)


This port has 8 data bits and a strobe output, and one handshake
input. the pin numbers of the standard Amphenol 36 pin socet are as
below, so if connected up to this standard it will plug into your
printer cable. Alternitavely you could wire up some other connector as
used on you particular computer.

<PRE>
1 STROBE
2 D0
3 D1
4 D2
5 D3
6 D4
7 D5
8 D6
9 D7
11 BUSY/READY
14 gnd
l6 gnd
17 gnd
33 gnd
</PRE>

The Chip


The SP0256-AL2 chip by General Instruments is a specialy
programmed version of a more general purpose chip for word and phrase
speech. You may have seen that both TI and Nat Semi speech chips which
hve seperate synthesizer chip and word ROM. The word ROM limits their
vocabu1ary. The GI chip is of the same form, but has ROM inside and
would nomally be mask programmed with a small number of words. However
someone wth a bit of a brain at GI realised that if they rep1aced the
restictive word set with a set of allophones, parts of words, then
they would have a general purpose chip with which you could construct
an unlimted number of words. TI could have brought out ROM for thir
chip to do the same, but they have not thought of it yet, and anyway
you would still need two chips. The only shortcoming is that the words
are less clear than in the dedicated vocabulary versions, but they are
still understandable. The SP0256 contains a small computer which looks
at its input port to see which code word is selected, gets the
apropriate numbers out of its ROM and sends them to a vocal tract
model and thence to a pulse width modulated output. All in one small chIp

<CENTER>
<H3>
AMBER 4000 DOT MATRIX PRINTER.
</H3>
</CENTER>

A dot matrix printer with true descenders,and enough print variations to make
anY EpsOn owner envious,for 25 pounds?!


Due to a cancelled order,that was what Lethaby Numbering Systems had on offer
last month. Before you go rushing to the teIephone,I don't think the stocks
lasted very Long!


The Amber 4000 is a 40 column printer,printing on two and a quarter inch wide
plain paper. Ah,there's the catch-no good expecting to do letters and
Newsletter articIes on that. (You could,actually-if Jeremy wilI change to
newspaper coIumn type format!)


Facilities are:-


DoubIe width,doubIe height(these can be combined),border(puts border round a
word),variable character width settings between 20 and 46 characters per
line,bIock graphics,dot addressable grahpics,emphasized print (can also be
combined with double width and height modes),a hash to pound symboI
swap,and,would you believe,a built-in word-wrap facility!


ActuaI spec.is 8 by 5 matrix for normal print,which expands to 16 by 18 in
double height and width mode. Print rate;23 c.p.s. Centronics or seriaI
connections possible. The whole thing is less than six inches square, and
weighs less than the average cassette recorder.


For many jobs,it is obviously not suitable,but is ideaI for database
printouts,for example - it saves wasting 80 column listing paper - and the
border,emphasised and double height/width modes are excelIent for label
printing.


If the '4000' is the 'bottom of the range',I'd like to see one of Lethaby's
full-sized printers-they must be quite something. (Anyone got an 80 col.Amber
printer?)


One further point ; Lethaby Numbering Systems are a very efficient firm. I
recieved my printer within 5 days of ordering. That Must be a record in the
computer industry. The handbook,by the way is also very well written - it even
contains useful things,like how to conect for serial operation(no
separate'interface' needed),and to occaisionally clean the wretched thing!


I hope we hear more of this firm,even if they aren't Dragon specific(yet!).


(Manufacturers:Lethaby Numbering Systems,Andover,Hants.)........Ken Grade.

<CENTER>
<H3>
TIPS ON RETURN BY ADAM ATKINSON
</H3>
</CENTER>

For Return of the Ring be a dwarf warrior,assigning 10 points
to everything except strength .Sellthe four bright rings.
In the door krell's labyrinth rescue the princess and find
the energy armour and the tracker.The second level comes quickly
given the 300 point reward for rescuing Xandra.Eat up to 900
points and buy as much food as you can having also
bought a first stage power pack and charged it.


At the town steal the grain wearing your energy armour
with your power pack on.Leave the town eating afterevery 2
or 3 mines.You should get out alive.Take the grain to Cebar
when you become 4th or 5th level.At the town buy a get away spell
and a breather mask food and power packs and prepare to
go to the moon.On the planet you may meet a person shaped thing.
If you transact with them they can join you and carry things.
You will need to map the moon so save the game first.Use the
tracker to findyour way, remember it needs power.


More next time.

<CENTER>
<H3>
How I solved 'Waxworks' by Pauline Hampson
</H3>
</CENTER>

I start in the leisure lounge and search the and telephone, where I
find a coin and a key. The coin operates a slot machine and I get a
flashlight as a prize!! Don't be greedy though, save your other coin
for later if your batteries run out. I venture north to the washroom
and find a grid which opens with the key.I go through the grid and
find myself in a maze of sewers, it's lucky I brought the torch. To
find my way I drop objects in each location to distinguish them. I
make a plan.

<PRE>
N S E W
coin rat key paper trap
rat coin paper paper key
trap paper match coin match
paper rat key rat key
key coin key paper key
match trap OUT key trap
</PRE>

Having found my way I start again without my markers and get the trap
and the cheese.I can't get the rats. I drop my load in the lounge.


I set off for the great hall where there are two exhibitions and two
questions to answer. Not being in the mood for puzzles I guess wildly
until correct. I spend ages trying to get Sir Edmund's rope but I
can't. On returning to the lounge I go to the hall of mirrors and
another session of dropping objects and making a plan. I find a dark
passage with a crack and an airlock. Answering the questions properly
makes an aqualung appear in the hall of mirrors. To go though the
crack I have to drop all my objects. I find an enchanted wooodland
with Guy Fawkes and the Pied Pier and a sign saying 'NO WAITING'.
Going up reveals a gold key and up again finds me in the great hall
again. Wearing my aqualung I negotiate the airlock where I meet Jaws
and frantically swim up. On the other side is a storewith a loose
trapdoor which needs fixing and a studio full of junk. I find a
crowbar and a lamp. Rubbing the lamp finds me in Aladdin's cave and
when I go down I am back in the enchanted woodland.I return to the
lounge and drop my haul.


I decide to fix the trap with the beam but can't get it through the
airlock. After several hours searching for another way the penny
drops. Triumphantly I get beam and lamp, rub lamp, drop beam in cave,
then I go to the trapdoor via the woodland hall and airlock. I rub the
lamp get the beam and rub the lamp again now I can fix the trap.
It doesn't seem to do any good, I thought something would happen.


More next month

<CENTER>
<H3>
LETTERS
</H3>
</CENTER>

64K Upgrade.

Just a note before I dash off to Scotland to say that I'm rather unhappy with the 64K upgrade
article, here's why:-


1) Most Dragons(32) are 16k + 16k machines; these need significant rewiring to use 64k chips
there are -5V rails and 12V rails on the 16k chips and only 7 not 8 address lines.


2) You always need (I reckon) the decoder mod I gave in my article.


3)I don't think Texas 4164s are suitable: they are 8 line refresh, requiring 256 different
refresh addresses, the SAM only (in general) provides 7 line refresh, i.e. 128 addresses.
Suitable chips would be the Mosteek 4564, Hitachi 4864 and the OKI Motorola equivalents. Also
150ns is faster than necessary -just wastes money.


NB the NEC 4164s are 7 line refresh - I think.


Bob Hall.

<H3>
ISSUE 7........MARCH1985.
</H3>

The first thing worthy of mention this month is that it now seems that we WILL
be at the 6809 Show, so I hope that we'Il be seeing most of you there. One
correction that I have to make to Jeremy's editorial in the last issue
Newsletter is that the Show wilI be on the 30th and 31st March...NOT the 22nd,
so do please make sure that you turn up on tHe right date.....it gets awfully
draughty queing for a week!!.


Anyway, many thanks to Richard Bergin for offering us the stand, and I hope
that we'Il do as well as the last time. By the way, if any of you get bored
with wandering around the Stands, come and give us a hand, OK?.


The second point is a repeat of the usual one.,...When are you going to send
us some material to print ?????. We want to make the Newsletters interesting,
but we can't do that unless YOU send us the material to put in them.
At the moment we have half a dozen Members who regularly help out with
articles, reviews, hints, etc, but there are limits to what they (and I) can
write about. What we need is something from the rest of you.....You didn't
sign up and pay up JUST to get a monthly Newsletter, did you?.......How about
something from some of the younger Members......( Chris, I haven't heard a
word from Moulton since you sent in your appIication form!!.....and how about
you, Steve...we Do accept materiaI from Gainsboro!.....AND from Norway,
Erik!)... and how about the rest of the "SiIent Majority"?!?!?.....Come on,
PLEASE, you don't need to be an expert on ANYTHING....I'm certainly
not.....even if you only write in to tell me what a lousy job i'm making of
things, that's fine with me (so long as you can come up with some reasonabIy
constructive, non-obscene, ideas on what I OUGHT to do!). Seriously, 'though,
we do need more contributions, and we rely on you to provide them, so give it
a try, please.


One last item.....I'd like to thank Cathy Hyde of Touchmaster for lending us
copies of OS-9 "C Compiler" and "Pascal" discs for review....I'd almost given
up hope of ever finding them!, so for those members who have been enquiring,
we'll be running reviews on them as soon as possible.


Well, that's all for now, see you at the Show.


Paul.G.

<H3>
GROUP SPECIAL OFFERS.
</H3>

FLOPPY DISCS.


These are top quality 5.25" discs supplied by SBS Data Services. We can accept
individual orders at the prices stated beIow for boxes of 10 discs, but if
sufficient orders are received at the same time we can get a further reduction
of 1.00 per box when buying five or moe boxes.

SS/DD: Soft or Hard sector......normal price 22.00..reduced to 14.50.
 
DS/DD: Soft or Hard sector......normal price 27.00..reduced to 15.50.

ALL PRICES ARE PLUS 15% vat BUT INC. POSTAGE. (aIthough some contribution
towards postage wouId be appreciated on larger orders).


With a Little cutting on the covers, it is quite possibIe to use DS/DD discs
on a SINGLE SIDED drive, thus making a considerable saving in cost.


Orders to Paul Grade. Cheques made payable to the Group.

<H3>
ASCI corner for Issue 7.
</H3>

Firstly this month i want to clear up some odds and sods.Our beloved Editor
tagged a bit onto the ASCI column last month.As he said ,to get to the wine
cellar you have to use the room with pulleys.Remember you will have to be
carrying less when you want to go back up from the maze because the lift is
weight operated.I haven't played Mansion of Doom so i cannot help.In Ring of
Dark you cannot cross mountains.The answer is to buy a craft that will go acros
water then sail through the mountains via the river.Note that the bridge spell
will only work underground.


I also completed The Trial of Arnold Blackwood recently and i can confirm that
there are no graphics in the program.I must admit though,it is a totally new
style of adventure and it may not be to everyone's taste.


It seems that other reviewers (Dragon User and Cuthbert Cronicles) dissagree
with me about Speed Racer (see Issue 6).If they think that it's got unbelievable
graphics then they should get glasses!See if i care!


Recently i recieved a copy of 'Worlds of Flight' by Microdeal.This has been
hailed by the said company to be the best simulator on the market for the
Dragon.Well,this time i think i must agree.


WOF is not a game,it is definitely a simulation and because of it a few people
might get bored of playing it.This has always been a problem with flight
simulators but Microdeal have tried to alleviate the problem by including a
number of different worlds to start from.In fact you can fly from world to
world.You can also play god by setting the weather conditions (i wish you could
in real life!).


The list of variations in the game is tremendous.You can taxi round the
runway,refuel,taxi round the countryside from world to world (original ain't
it!),change the viewing angle up down left or right,and even take off seeing a
view from the back of the aircraft. The graphics are good,they aren't as smooth
as they could be but in view of the reason that they are in 3D,they are not bad
at all.


The range of controls are ENORMOUS and this is the worst aspect of the
program.The choice of keys was not very logical and you have to use 2 joystick
to control the aircraft.The best bet would be to make a keyboard overlay
otherwise you get confused easily.I know from experience!Because the copy i
borrowed was an illegal one (naughty me!)i never got the instrutions so you
might get an overlay with the cassette.


The actual realism of the program is,well i've run out of superlatives,even the
sound of the engine starting up.There is one point i would like to make,and that
is the type of aircraft that it is supposed to be would not have flaps.However
that is a small critisism.


People who fly small aircraft will love this program,it is so lifelike.People
who want a bit of action within a simulator will be disappointed.If you can try
a copy before buying then do so.I would go as far as to say this is the most
realistic simulator for any computer bar the one for the C64 at 50.00.Who wants
to pay 50.00 anyway!

 

I also had a query from Alan Cook up in Glasgow.He has been writing BASIC
adventues for a while and now wants to write them in machine code as this
seems to him a natural progression. I haven't even written a BASIC prog so i
can't help him. If anyone can either help him with his 'quest' as he calls it
could they please get in touch with him. His address is: 272 Mearns
Road,Newton Mearns,Glasgow,GT1 5CY.

<H3>
PROGRAMMING THE DRAGON 32 by PETER LAFFERTY
 
NEWNES TECHNICAL BOOKS/BUTTERWORTH (1984) £6.95
</H3>

I discovered this book in my local library last summer and have
renewed it every 2 weeks since.
 
Programming the Dragon 32 is both simple without being patronising
and advanced without blinding the reader with science.


This book is everything that the Dragon 32 manual was not.
 
Chapter 1 gives a potted history of computing up to the arrival of
the Dragon and Chapter 21 is the "miscellaneous" of bits that
do not fit in elsewhere.
 
Chapters 2-20 consist of a clear and logical progression throuhg
all aspects of BASIC programming from the ubiquitous
PRINT "HELLO" (Go on, admit it, we've all done it!) to four
chapters on graphics techniques.
 
Throughout the book there are numerous useful tips, hints and
programming routines which I find very helpful.
 
Finally, the fourth appendix is a comprehensive glossary of
BASIC commands and functions for the Dragon 32 (including
FULL details of the powerful EDIT command).


Peter Lafferty must have written this book specifically for
the Dragon; I have not spotted a single error, unlike some
books which have been "transported" from the Spectrum, Vic20,
etc. by writers who seem to have been nowhere near a real Dragon.


As a beginners tutorial this book would be ideal.
 
Unfortunately, it is probably too late for most of us but I
suspect children might find it a useful and interesting learning
aid.
 
Programming the Dragon 32 is an excellent BASIC reference
manual for the experienced programmer and I would recommend
it to any Dragon user.


Kyffin Jones

[[File:DGU007AD.GIF|Second 6809 Computer Show advert]]

<H3>
The Dragon Library..........RAMSOFT.
</H3>

lf you are a beginner or advanced programmer and you want to have fun or
tackle a serious application we have the book that will help you use your
Dragon.


THE DRAGON BOOK OF GAMES...by Mike James, SM.Gee and Kay Ewbank. (Granada.5.95).


A collection of 21 games written in Dragon BASIC that illustrate how the
Dragon can be used to create a wide range of effects. If you are learning
BASIC then typing in these programs is an excellent way to become familiar
with programming. If you already know BASIC then you will still pick up a
great many programming techniques.


If you'd rather save yourself the effort of typing these games in from the
Iistings, you'll be glad to know that you can purchase a cassette tape
containing all 21 games. This tape normally costs 5.95 but you can order it
from us at a special discount....for dteails see our order form.


THE DRAGON PROGRAMMER...by S.M.Gee..(Granada.5.95).


This book is not only an introduction to Dragon BASIC, it also explains
some of the pitfalls in using Dragon graphics and sound. Starting off from
fundamentals, It explains how to write BASIC programs using the natural
structure of BASIC. This encourages a good BASIC style without laying down
strict do's and don'ts that often take the fun out of programming. Later
chapters concentrate on using the Dragon's extensive sound and graphics
facilities from BASIC. The emphasis here falls on understanding how things
work and on avoiding any problems before they arise. For example; if you
have ever used a DRAW command to produce a small shape only to discover
that the actuaI shape it draws depends on its position on the screen then
you need to read Chapter 10 in this book!.


ANATOMY OF THE DRAGON...by Mike James..(Sigma).6.95.


Dragon Data Approved.


This book is for anyone wanting to know how their Dragon works and how to
control it from BASIC. It describes the Dragon's hardware and software from
the point of view of a BASIC programmer. It introduces a number of new
graphics modes, and explains how GET and PUT can be used to create user-
defined graphics, shows how to disable the BREAK key and a great deal more.


LANGUAGE OF THE DRAGON...by Mike James....(Sigma).6.95.


This is an introduction to 6809 assembly language that also includes a
complete assembler in BASIC. Assembler is much easier to learn if each of
the registers, instructions, etc, are introduced as a way of doing
something. In this book each of the 6809's features is introduced in a
practical and logical way, building up a complete picture of assembly
language programming on the Dragon. A key feature is the way the idea of a
bit pattern is used to unify all of the confusing types of data encountered
by an assembler language programmer.


ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN BASIC...by Mike James....(Newnes).6.95.


Although not Dragon-specific this book contains many programs that will run
on the Dragon without modification. Artificial intelligence is certainly
where the future of computing lies and this book contains explanations and
practical examples of most of the current A.I. techniques. Rather than
abstract theory each chapter explains the ideas involved by way of writing
working programs, making the book suitable for all BASIC programmers.


THE COMPLETE PROGRAMMER...by Mike James...(Granada).5.95.


This is another book which is not specific to any machine but, being
written with the Dragon in mind, is therefore directly useful to it. IC and
who want to increase their knowledge of programming and to improve their
programming style.


THE 6809 COMPANION...by Mike James....(Babani).1.95.


This slim volume is an ideal reference book for every 6809 assembly
language programmer. It includes the complete 6809 instruction set together
with information about interupt handling and programming style.

<PRE>
<H3>
RAMSOFT
</H3>
P.O. BOX 6, RICHMOND, NORTH YORKSHIRE, DL10 4HL

Vat Reg No: 360 7254 62
<H3>
ORDER FORM
</H3>

NAME ________________________________

ADDRESS ________________________________

________________________________

________________________________

Number Title Price

____ The Dragon Book of Games £5.95
____ The Dragon Programmer £5.95
____ Anatomy of the Dragon £6.95
____ Language of the Dragon £6.95
____ Artificial Intelligence in BASIC £6.95
____ The Complete Programmer £5.95
____ The 6809 Companion £1.95 *(only 30p p&p)

POSTAGE AND PACKING (UK orders only)

Add 80p for the first title ordered and 40p per book thereafter *

*** GAMES TAPE - SPECIAL OFFER ***
</PRE>

The tape containing the 21 games from "THE DRAGON BOOK OF GAMES normally
costs £5.95. Order both the book and the tape from us and pay just £3.95


Order any other book as well and the tape can be yours for just œ2.95!


Send your cheque or postal order payable to Ramsoft (UK orders only).
 
Outside UK please write for details.


We will try to despatch your order as soon as possible, but please allow 21
days for delivery.


[[Category:Magazines]] [[Category:Update_Issue]]

Update Issue 6 (Feb)

2014-09-02T07:19:14Z

Jedie: Category:Magazines Category:Update_Issue

<CENTER>
<H3>
DRAGON UPDATE
 
Newsletter of the National Dragon User Group.
</H3>
</CENTER>
 
Issue 6.
<PRE>
Chairman Paul Grade, Editor Jeremy Hoyland,
6 Navarino Road, 120 Old Heath Road,
Worthing, Hythe, Co1chester,
Sussex. Essex.
</PRE>

Happy half birthday to us! As a token of our demi-anniversary we now have a
name, our thanks to Ken Grade. So let's take stock of the last six months
and how they have affected us. The club is now estab1ished, and even has a
little money in the coffers, existence is not quite the hand to mouth
affair it was six months ago. There has been some 'slippage' in the issue
dates, hopefully this edition will have clawed part of it back, again I
have to thank Ken who has agreed to take over the distribution. The
newsletter is rather thicker than it was and there have been some excellent
articles, however I would have liked to hear more from those with advanced
systems -a piece on the RS232 port by someone other than Status Quo would
be welcome, and has anyone succeeded in porting the p-system on, Oasis
claim that their Petite Pascal uses a p-code interpreter.


One of the most encouraging things to happen in the last six months has
been the 6809 show, there is to be another one on the weekend of 22nd of
March' as yet we don't know whether the group will be there, but obviously
I hope so.


I hope that the next six months will be as successfull as the last, but
remember, by and large it depends on you - so if you want to keep hearing
from us then we'd better be hearing from you.

<CENTER>
<H3>
64K UPGRADE by D. De Wilde.
</H3>
</CENTER>

This is the next installment from the Dragon Upgrade Manual that we had
passed onto us by the Dutch User Group. It is a rather more complicated
modification than that written for us by Bob Hall but has the advantage
that it will work on any 32.


Again I must stress that you should only try this if you are
technically competant, these articles have been translated from Dutch and
the photocopies I got for the translation were pretty ropey, so there could
be errors. I hope that anyone who tries this out and gets it to work will
be good enough to write us an in-depth feature on the method that would be
more appropriate to people who think that a soldering iron is a thing used
for pressing uniforms.


In order to upgrade the computer to 64k you need 8 RAM chips, (4164 /l50
nS) and 8 ic feet (wire wrapping) or ic pins which come loosley wrapped.

<PRE>
method.
Open the computer.
Remove all IC's on feet.
Remove power connector.
Remove cartridge protection.
Remove keyboard.
Remove all screws so that mother board can be taken out.
Use a very fine pair of pliers to cut away rams IC1 to IC8.
Clean the holes in the PCB.
Put the IC feet in position' one by one, without inserting them
completely. That way they can be resoldered from the top in case
off faulty contacts.
In order to avoid any unpleasant surprises you had better test
every through connection for each socket.

When all IC feet have been soldered you had better test all pins
from foot to foot.
Replace the motherboard in its position in the box.
Connect the power.
Switch on and test for 5V at PIN 1 of one of the RAMS.
Check whether the blue strap connects only the two bottom
contacts.
Switch off.
Replace all 8 IC's.
Replace the 8 RAMS.
Screw everything tight.
</PRE>

That's the lot, it still only puts 32k at our disposal, but we can now -via
software- use the full 64k, as well as OS-9 and FLEX.


Quite what the software referred to is I don't know, but I hope that Bob
Halls routines published with his earlier conversion, and the piece in this
edition will do the job. As I say if anyone tries it let me know how you
get on.

<H3>
cassette recorder mod. f.j.fisher.
</H3>

The following modification was carried out on a Tandy TR12 recorder, but
ought to be practical on almost any type.


Open the recorder, and disconnect the motor wire from X.
 
Solder one end of a piece of wire to X using a standard 2.5mm chassis
socket (switched type).
 
Solder the free end of the motor wire to 2.
 
Solder free end of wire to 1 and 3 ( THIS IS IMPORTANT).


As a further mod:
 
Using a sub min. on/off switch wire it across 1 and 2. Using the switch
will mean that you no longer have to remove the remote plug or type
"motoron/off" when using FF or Rewind.


The socket and switch can be obtained from any Tandy or other electrical
store. and the first mod greatly improves file handling as only the motor
is switched, not the amplification circuit.

<CENTER>
<IMG SRC="IMAGES/DGU006F1.GIF" ALT="[Cassette recorder remote control modification]">
 
<H3>
DRAGON 55 (NEMESIS)
</H3>
</CENTER>

"DRAGON 55" gets its name from the facility to store up to 55 pages(i.e.not
quite one Dragon text screenful) of text,notes and other miscellaneous
information which can then be dumped to tape. By making the maximum amount
of RAM available(one Pokes 25,6 before loading the program)for data
storage,you can cram 55 pages of 28 lines into one file.


Please note-it does not pretend to be a database. There are no fields to
set up-you merely type merrily away until you run out of pages.


I was quite intrigued by the idea-but not sure how to make use of it-and
quite impressed by the lack of superfluous packaging and documentation
which has plagued similar programs(in fact programs in general!).


For once,the program came on a very high quality cassette(other firms
please copy!),with ALL instructions/information on a "Dragon 55" file
following the program. The program is written in Basic incorporating (a)
machine code routine(s). The facilities are as follows:-
 
1)A special "graphics mode" in which the numeric keys will print the block
graphics characters;
 
2)The screen colour can be changed for any page by pressing a key then a
number;
 
3)Cursor position controlled by the arrow keys;
 
4)Auto-repeat-but of course!-on all characters,including the graphics;
 
5)A "search and find" routine-to find where you wrote that dirty joke
that's too good to lose!
 
6)Store and retrieve files from tape.


I cannot fault the program in operation. It does everything it is supposed
to do very efficiently. The "Search" routine,for example will find the
word/phrase you want,and tell you on which line of which page-and politely
call that page up. If the word cannot be found,then the nearest
approximation will be retrieved. (I wish the much acclaimed word processors
could do half as well!)


As to what use this program could be put,I am not really sure. The main
drawback is that there is no output to printer,so that discounts half of
its usefulness. I am surprised one hasn't been included-it needn't have
taken more than five lines(or one,for a complete screen dump of each page)
-and it would have had much more appeal(to me,at any rate).


I am not quite certain to what use one could put the "graphics
mode",either. If you want to experiment with combinations of block
graphics,then it saves you typing "PRINT CHR$(XXX)" every time I
suppose,but there's no great gaim in that.


As a store for programming routines,Peeks,Pokes(there are quite a few
included in the demo file,as well as some useful Dragon addresses),and any
other "notes"(the sort that usually get scribbled on bits of paper),it is
quite handy. At the price of 5 pounds(less onepound for D.U.G. members!),it
is very reasonable-if you have a use for it!
 
 
Ken Grade

<CENTER>
<H3>
ASCI CORNER
</H3>
</CENTER>

In the december issue i mentioned that Microdeal were going to bring out a
program called 'Speed Racer' which was supposed to be a Grand Prix
simulation.Well it has duly arrived and after extensive playing i'm not sure
whether it was worth the wait!


A Grand Prix simulation it certainly isn't,as the object of the game is to
pass a certain number of cars each lap.If you don't then that is the end of
the game!If you do then onto the next lap you go.This time the cars are
going a bit quicker but the number of cars to be passed always remains the
same.If you complete 5 laps then you are the winner.And that is about it!


There are four different tracks to choose from,number 1 being a simple
rectangle and number 4 containing lots of hairpin bends.By common consent
number 3 seems to be the hardest as there is no place where you can really
put your foot down.Number 2 is the one i prefer as it contains both
straights and tight corners.


The graphic display is as expected in that you are looking from above and
behind your car i.e. a 3D view.The actual speed and quality of the graphics
are dissapointing.The road scroll is very jerky and for some unknown reason
Microdeal decided to put a white line down the middle of the road.Along the
bottom of the screen is a Speedometer,milecounter and a bar showing how
many cars you have passed. You control your car with only the right
joystick.Forward to increase speed,back to break.Pushing the joystick left
or right moves the track the appropriate way.


Where the program really lets itself down is in the reality of the game.
Breaking is a gradual affair and that means you can easily run into the
back of another car.Also you cannot run off the track although if you stay
on the shoulder for too long the car stops to get a tyre change.How on
earth anyone manages to go round hairpin bends at 170 mph is amazing but
thats what the program allows!The worst aspect of the program is having to
pass a number of cars each lap.If you pass more cars than needed,the extra
amount does not count for the next lap.Also it seems impossible to complete
5 laps as several times i have runout of cars to pass on the last lap.


Having said all that this game is streets ahead of any other on the
market.If it had been for the,say Spectrum,nobody would buy it but for
Dragon owners this is the best availble. So,if you intend to buy it don't
expect too much.I'm sure somebody else could improve on this game.


I received a couple of queries this month.The first is from Jeffery (or
Geoffrey) Wilkes.He wants to know how to get to the Water room in
Franklin's Tomb.The room is situated in the middle of nine rooms which have
a common theme. Work out the theme and then utter a password in one of the
nine rooms.As for the theme,Think of Russell Grant!!Also Mr. W Norrington
(sorry i haven't got your first name!)wants a reccommended adventure for
first timers.If you want a standard adventure then try Salamanders Franklins
Tomb.For a very easy adventure you could try Microdeal's Mansion
Adventure.Also of note are two graphic programs from Touchmaster.They are
Sea Quest and Shenanigans but they might be hard to obtain.If you want a
dungeons and Dragons style game then go for Ring of Darkness by Wintersoft.

<H3>
Doctor ASCI at your service.
</H3>

Geoff has encountered a few other problems in his meanderings around
adventures: firstly he's trying to find the Wine Cellar in Franklins Tomb,
as I remember the key to this is going bats in the lift. In Mansion of Doom
he wants to cross the pool of acid near the vampire -search me, if he will
visit such places... Mountain climbing and water crossing are his problems
in Ring of Darkness, again I'm afraid I don't know the answers to these
problems. Geoff has suggested an adventure help column -this seems a good
idea so you take these two problems to start with I'll gladly print any
answers and new problems that you have, so let's be hearing from you.


Following last months hardware screen inverter, here's a software
implementation from Ashley Adamson of the Romsey Area Dragon User Group.
Ashley and the group can be contacted at: St. Elmo, Slab Lane, West Wellow,
Romsey, Hants, S05 0BY.

<PRE>
10 'SCREEN INVERTER (BASIC LOADER)
20 CLEAR 200,32580
30 FOR I=1 TO 184:READ A$:Z=VAL("&H"+A$):CS=CS+Z:POKE I+32580,Z:NEXT
40 DATA 8E,7F,63,BF,1,68,8E,7F,DE,BF,1,6B,8E,7F,F6,BF,1,A1,86,7E,B7,1,67,B7,1,6A,B7,1, A0,39,7D,0,6F,27,1,39,32,62,34,16,8E,FF,C0,A7,84,A7,2,A7,4,A7,6,A7,A,A7,C,A7,E,A7,88,10,A7,9,86,5,B7,FF,22,35,2,34,2,BE,0,88,81,8,26,8,86
50 DATA 20,A7,84,A7,82,20,1C,81,D,26,4,8D,32,20,14,81,80,24,E,81,20,25,C,81,60,24,4,84,BF,20,2,80,20,A7,80,BF,0,88,8C,5,FF,23,12,8E,4,0,EC,88,20,ED,81,8C,5,E0,25,F6,BF,0,88,8D
60 DATA 2,35,96,86,20,A7,80,1F,10,C4,1F,26,F6,39,81,C,27,1,39,34,12,86,20,8E,4,0,BF,0,88,A7,80,8C,6,0,25,F9,35,92,27,1,39,32,62,20,E6
70 IF CS<>17097 THEN PRINT"DATA ERROR":SOUND 1,2:STOP
80 EXEC 32581:CLS
90 PRINT"SCREEN INVERTER"
100 PRINT@32,STRING$(15,188)
110 PRINT:PRINT"ORANGE TEXT IS ALSO AVAILABLE"
120 PRINT"DO YOU REQUIRE THIS? Y/N"
130 X$=INKEY$:IF X$="" THEN 130
140 IF X$="Y" THEN POKE 32644,13
150 PRINT:PRINT"THE BASIC LOADER PROGRAM IS NO LONGER NEEDED. 187 BYTES ARE RESERVED AT RAMTOP."
160 PRINT:PRINT"DELETE THE LOADER PROGRAM? Y/N"
170 Z$=INKEY$:IF Z$="" THEN 170
180 IF Z$="Y" THEN CLS:NEW
190 PRINT:PRINT"AWAITING INSTRUCTION"
200 END

Whenever using a GET command with the inverter type:
POKE 416,57 first.
</PRE>
<CENTER>
<H3>
LETTER FROM THE CHAIRMAN
</H3>
</CENTER>

Well, we've survived for half a year, more by luck than judgement, so it
looks as though we're doing better than the majority of the user
groups.....especially former Dragon ones!!.


What we need now, apart from more members, more money, and an offer of free
printing (!) is some definite news from Eurohard.They told us, and I
believe them, that the Dragon would be back in UK, but since then there
have been various delays and and rumours (both good and bad), and no one
seems to know exactly how long we will have to wait for the Return of the
Dragon.


Come on Eurohard, wake up!!...there will never be a better time for a
return than NOW. With Acorn having "suspended trading", the Spectrum out of
production, Commodore trying to sell the unsellable C16, etc, the market
just HAS to be wide open for a REAL computer.


At the moment I don't know whether or not we'll be seeing you at the 6809
Show....the organizers seem reluctant to let us have a free stand this time
around, and there's no way I can justify forking out over a hundred pounds
of your subscription money just so that we can put in an appearance there.
You never know your luck, we might yet get a "freebie", but if not one or
more of us will be covering the Show, and we'll let you know what's new.


As I said in the last Newsletter, we still need more material for
publication.....from YOU!. Looking back through the Application Forms it
seems that you have a lot of very different interests, so why not write to
us about them? You don't have to be a professional writer.....(tho' that
doesn't mean we don't want professional work too, Mike!!)....but we really
DO want you to contribute something...that's what the Group is all about.
OK?.


One final thing....do any of you ex-Dungeon members know where I can
contact Pete Woods (the former "Dungeon Master")?..if so, please ask him to
give me a call.


That's all for this month. Good luck, and keep writing. Paul.G.

<PRE>
J.D.Bateman.
Orchard House,
Cleator Moor,
Cumbria,
CA25-5LN.
6.2.85/
</PRE>
Dear Paul,

Last year I wrote to you about certain programs running on my 32 but
not on my 64. I think I may have found the answer.


About 9 weeks ago, I typed in a perpetual-motion type program from
"Input Magazine". It would not run, giving an FC ERROR. On checking the line
I found that it contained a PCOPY command. After checking the listing
several times, I gave up in disgust, muttering dark abuse about certain
typesetters.


However, last week, I purchased a Graphics System Program from
Salamander. This also gave rise to an FC ERROR. On listing the faulty line
I discovered it too contained PCOPY commands. I began to put two and two
together. I blew the dust off my 32 and tried the program. It worked
perfectly. So it would appear that some 64's (mine at least) will not
accept PCOPY commands in the same format that the 32 does.


I have not yet managed to get the magazine listing to run on the 64,but
I changed the offending line in the Salamander program, as shown below, and
it now works perfectly.


I changed PCOPY N+4 TO N+16 [into] PCOPY N+1 to N+4.


I hope that this may be of some assistance to others, although it still
won't be any use for M/C programs like "Junior" etc.

<CENTER>
<H3>
USING A TELEX MACHINE AS A PRINTER
</H3>
</CENTER>

As promised in issue three of the newsletter this is the sequel to the
earlier articles describing the interfacing of a Dragon to en ex GPO
teleprinter. For new reeders, the previous articles described a method that
involved rather complicated and expensive hardware in addition to the
software.


The latest software (which is fully re-locatable) does all the conversion
work except the final transition from 5 to 80 volts. When PRINT#-2, or
LLIST is used the Dragon sends its output to the printer port but the
format is now serial, the Ascii has become Baudot end the speed is 20m.secs
per bit (50 baud).


Another feature of the software is a text screen dump which is activated by
the down-arrow key in immediate mode or PRINT CHR$(10) in a Basic
programme. This is very useful when running programmes such as
disassemblers which do not have a built-in hard copy option.


The only hardware needed now is an opto-darlington to protect the Dragon
and trigger a high speed relay. The relay contacts switch +80 or -80 volts
as required to the Receive terminal of the teleprinter. Only 3 connections
are used at the printer port..... a 5v supply for the relay,the 0v line and
the strobe pin which is used for the data.


The system needs no major modifications to the standard telex terminal. It
is only necessary to remove one diode and in practice this has usually been
removed already by Telecoms so that the machine will no longer function as
a telex unit.


The latest version of the software and hardware is being marketed by
COMPUTIL of 22 Grove Park, Burbage, Hinckley, Leics. LE10 2BJ.

<CENTER>
<H3>
SPECIAL OFFERS
</H3>
</CENTER>

This contains most of the special offers that are available to members, I
hope that you will avail yourselves of them as they are great value.

<CENTER>
FLOPPY DISCS
</CENTER>

These are top quality 5.25" discs supplied by SBS Data Services. Individual
orders are accepted at the price below for a box of ten, but if we get
enough orders together at any one time to order 5 boxes we get a further
reduction of £1.00 per box.
<PRE>
SS/DD soft sector normal price £22.00 reduced price £14.50.
SS/DD hard sector £22.00 £14.50.
DS/DD soft sector £27.00 £15.50.
DS/DD hard sector £27.00 £15.50.
</PRE>
All prices are PLUS 15% VAT. With a little cutting on the cover a Dragon
can take DS/DD's -a great saving. All orders to Paul, cheques payable to
the group.
<CENTER>
CASSETTE TAPES
</CENTER>

C5 - 2.5 mins per side leaderless computer tapes are available for £1.25
for 5 from Taurus Electrical Services, 26/28 Nottingham Road, Loughborough,
Leics. LE1l 1EU.

<CENTER>
CABLE SOFTWARE
</CENTER>

Cable are offering their range at twenty per cent discount -see their ad in
Dragon User for what's on offer. Place your orders through the editor.

<CENTER>
<H3>
Double Value Dragon -how to get maximum use of your D64s memory, by Bob
Hall.
</H3>
</CENTER>

As everyone knows, the Dragon 64 has 64k of RAM,16k of BASIC in ROM,
and room for another l6k (nearly) of goodies such as DragonDos in the
cartridge port - that's 96k altogether!. Unfortunately, all the standard
ways of using the system (except perhaps the Andtek 'P1us' add-on) require
you to throw part of it away - in '32k' mode, you leave the other 32k of
RAM idling in the background - in '64k' mode, using Flex or OS9, you lose
the ROM routines, though you may gain a rather better version of BASIC
(BASIC09).


What can be done to make better use of the Dragon's resources? For the
'64 in 32k mode, there appear to be two possibilities: - Firstly, we could
hide machine-code routines in the upper 32k (accessing them in Map Mode 1
with the interrupts off). We could also put a high-resolution graphics
screen in 'high' memory, which is easy to implement, because the SAM chip
ALWAYS gets information for the Video Display Generator from RAM, never
ROM, and so will correct1y display our graphics in high memory, whilst we
continue in BASIC in 32k mode.(A useful combination of these two ideas is a
high-res text-generator & its screen- I've used the one in Flex to run with
Editext; however, more of this, hopefully, another day.)


The secondway to use all the memory efficiently in 32k mode, is to use
the SAM's Page-switching capabil1ity and have two independent programs in
memory at the same time: one of these programs lives as usual between 0 &
32k (Page 0): the second is stored between 32 & 64k (Page 1)- but when we
'flip the page' the SAM will automatically add 32k to all the memory
addresses from the cpu, before it sends them to the RAM, so that we can
then address 'Page 1' as if it were at 0 to 32k. (However, it doesn't
automaticaly do the same for the VDG addresses - see below).


The BASIC program which follows loads the necessary machine-code to do
page-switching: it's configured to work with DragonDos, and by default goes
into the cassette buffer at &H200. To use it without a disk, change the
instructions at line 140 (JMP $D917) to read "140 DATA 39,12,12" (ie
RTS,NOP,NOP), and allocate a specific address for BA when prompted in line
430. The machine-code comprises 3 sections: SWOPIT, which dumps the stack-
pointer in "HOLE", switches pages, and reloads the SP from the
corresponding location in the other page; VDG, which keeps the Video
Display looking at the right text-screen; and MOVIT, which sets up Page 1
initially, by copying page 0 into it and then altering a few 1ocations.
After the BASIC has run, it can be deleted (but the machine-code must be
kept intact) - if Reset is pressed, SWOPIT will not in general work
correctly (a bit more code, pointed to by the Reset vector, is needed).
After the Basic has run, typing 'EXEC' (or executing it in a BASIC
statement) will take you from one field to the other, and pick up any
program from where it was interrupted; (however, SWOPIT could be linked
into the 'End-of-Line' hook at &H19A-&H19C - or even into FIRQ). The
routine is believed to work correctly for all BASIC programs (and many m/c
ones), which use the text-screen only. It will also generate graphics
correctly, but in Page 1 will not display them unless the statement 'SCREEN
a,b' is expanded to 'SCREEN a,b: POKE &HFFD3,0'.


Thats it - it's all quite easy really - give it a try!.

<PRE>
Bob Hall.

ÚÄÄÄÄÄASSEMBLY LANGUAGEÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿
³ ³
TTL PAGE SWOP ROUTINE PIC
ÚÄÄÄÄÄBASIC PROGRAMÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿ STTL DUMP REGS,STACK, SWITCH PAGES & RELOAD
³ ³
10 'HOLE-STACK STORED HERE
20 DATA 0,0 HOLE FDB 0 STACK STORED HERE
30 'STOPIT-SWITCHES PAGES
40 DATA 34,7F SWOPIT PSHS A,B,X,Y,U,DP,CC
50 DATA 1A,50 ORCC œ$50 I0F
60 DATA 10,EF,8C,F6 STS HOLE,PCR
70 DATA 32,8C,75 LEAS SWOPIT+$80,PCR IN CASE OF NMI?
80 DATA B7,FF,D4 LS1 STA $FFD4 FLIP PAGE
90 DATA 10,EE,8C,EC LDS HOLE,PCR
100 DATA 35,FF PULS PC,A,B,X,Y,U,DP,CC
110 'VDG-CHANGE VDG PAGE STTL VDG RESET ON RAM O/P HOOK
120 DATA 7D,00,6F VDG TST $6F FIND IF O/P TO SCREEN
130 DATA 27,03 BEQ LV2
l40 DATA 7E,D9,17 JMP $D917 DRAGONDOS HOOK
150 DATA BD,8O,0C LV2 JSR $800C PUT CHAR ON SCREEN
160 DATA 32,62 LEAS 2,S DROP OLD RETURN ADDRESS OFF STACK
l70 DATA 34,16 PSHS X,B,A
180 DATA 8E,FF,C8 LDX œ$FFC8 SAM VDG BITS START
190 DATA A7,0A LV1 STA $A,X
200 DATA 7E,A9,41 JMP $A941 NOW REJOIN ROM RESET ROUTINE
210 'MOVIT-SETUP INITIAL CONFIG
220 DATA 34,7F STTL COPY PAGE 0 TO PAGE 1 AND SETUP
230 DATA 1A,50 MOVIT PSHS A,B,X,Y,U,DP,CC
240 DATA 8E,00,00 ORCC œ$5O
250 DATA 10,8E,80,00 LDX œ$0000
260 DATA B7,FF,DF LDY œ$8000
270 DATA A6,80 STA $FFDF MAPMODE 1
280 DATA A7,A0 LM1 LDA ,X+
290 DATA 8C,7E,FF STA ,Y+
300 DATA 2F,F7 CMPX œ$7EFF
310 DATA 86,D5 BLE LM1
320 DATA A7,8C,C6 LDA œ$D5
330 DATA 4A STA LS1+2,PCR
340 DATA A7,8D,7F,C1 DEC A
350 DATA 86,0A STA LS1+$8002,PCR
360 DATA A7,8C,D6 LDA œ$0A
370 DATA 4C STA LV1+1,PCR
380 DATA A7,8D,7F,D1 INC A
390 DATA B7,FF,DE STA LV1+$8001,PCR
400 DATA 35,FF STA $FFDE MAPMODE 0
410 ' PULS PC,X,Y,A,B,U,DP,CC
420 CLEAR 500
430 PRINT"swopit here":PRINT"GIVE ME A HOLE TO LIVE IN";:INPUT BA
440 IF BA<300 THEN BA=512
450 SWOPIT=BA+2:VDG=BA+22:MOVIT=BA+45
460 FOR I=BA TO BA+92
470 READ V$:V=VAL("&H"+V$)
480 POKE I,V
490 NEXT I
500 EXEC SWOPIT
510 X=VDG:Y=INT(X/256):Z=X-256*Y
520 POKE &H169,Z
530 POKE &H168,Y
540 POKE &H167,&H7E
550 EXEC MOVIT
560 EXEC SWOPIT
570 EXEC SWOPIT
<H3>
RAMSOFT
</H3>
P.O. BOX 6, RICHMOND, NORTH YORKSHIRE, DL10 4HL

Vat Reg No: 360 7254 62
<H3>
ORDER FORM
</H3>

NAME ________________________________

ADDRESS ________________________________

________________________________

________________________________

Number Title Price

____ The Dragon Book of Games £5.95
____ The Dragon Programmer £5.95
____ Anatomy of the Dragon £6.95
____ Language of the Dragon £6.95
____ Artificial Intelligence in BASIC £6.95
____ The Complete Programmer £5.95
____ The 6809 Companion £1.95 *(only 30p p&p)

POSTAGE AND PACKING (UK orders only)

Add 80p for the first title ordered and 40p per book thereafter *

*** GAMES TAPE - SPECIAL OFFER ***
</PRE>

The tape containing the 21 games from "THE DRAGON BOOK OF GAMES normally
costs £5.95. Order both the book and the tape from us and pay just £3.95


Order any other book as well and the tape can be yours for just œ2.95!


Send your cheque or postal order payable to Ramsoft (UK orders only).
 
Outside UK please write for details.


We will try to despatch your order as soon as possible, but please allow 21
days for delivery.

<H3>
The Dragon Library..........RAMSOFT.
</H3>

lf you are a beginner or advanced programmer and you want to have fun or
tackle a serious application we have the book that will help you use your
Dragon.


THE DRAGON BOOK OF GAMES...by Mike James, SM.Gee and Kay Ewbank. (Granada.5.95).


A collection of 21 games written in Dragon BASIC that illustrate how the
Dragon can be used to create a wide range of effects. If you are learning
BASIC then typing in these programs is an excellent way to become familiar
with programming. If you already know BASIC then you will still pick up a
great many programming techniques.


If you'd rather save yourself the effort of typing these games in from the
Iistings, you'll be glad to know that you can purchase a cassette tape
containing all 21 games. This tape normally costs 5.95 but you can order it
from us at a special discount....for dteails see our order form.


THE DRAGON PROGRAMMER...by S.M.Gee..(Granada.5.95).


This book is not only an introduction to Dragon BASIC, it also explains
some of the pitfalls in using Dragon graphics and sound. Starting off from
fundamentals, It explains how to write BASIC programs using the natural
structure of BASIC. This encourages a good BASIC style without laying down
strict do's and don'ts that often take the fun out of programming. Later
chapters concentrate on using the Dragon's extensive sound and graphics
facilities from BASIC. The emphasis here falls on understanding how things
work and on avoiding any problems before they arise. For example; if you
have ever used a DRAW command to produce a small shape only to discover
that the actuaI shape it draws depends on its position on the screen then
you need to read Chapter 10 in this book!.


ANATOMY OF THE DRAGON...by Mike James..(Sigma).6.95.


Dragon Data Approved.


This book is for anyone wanting to know how their Dragon works and how to
control it from BASIC. It describes the Dragon's hardware and software from
the point of view of a BASIC programmer. It introduces a number of new
graphics modes, and explains how GET and PUT can be used to create user-
defined graphics, shows how to disable the BREAK key and a great deal more.


LANGUAGE OF THE DRAGON...by Mike James....(Sigma).6.95.


This is an introduction to 6809 assembly language that also includes a
complete assembler in BASIC. Assembler is much easier to learn if each of
the registers, instructions, etc, are introduced as a way of doing
something. In this book each of the 6809's features is introduced in a
practical and logical way, building up a complete picture of assembly
language programming on the Dragon. A key feature is the way the idea of a
bit pattern is used to unify all of the confusing types of data encountered
by an assembler language programmer.


ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN BASIC...by Mike James....(Newnes).6.95.


Although not Dragon-specific this book contains many programs that will run
on the Dragon without modification. Artificial intelligence is certainly
where the future of computing lies and this book contains explanations and
practical examples of most of the current A.I. techniques. Rather than
abstract theory each chapter explains the ideas involved by way of writing
working programs, making the book suitable for all BASIC programmers.


THE COMPLETE PROGRAMMER...by Mike James...(Granada).5.95.


This is another book which is not specific to any machine but, being
written with the Dragon in mind, is therefore directly useful to it. IC and
who want to increase their knowledge of programming and to improve their
programming style.


THE 6809 COMPANION...by Mike James....(Babani).1.95.


This slim volume is an ideal reference book for every 6809 assembly
language programmer. It includes the complete 6809 instruction set together
with information about interupt handling and programming style.


[[Category:Magazines]] [[Category:Update_Issue]]

Update Issue 4 (Dec)

2014-09-02T07:19:07Z

Jedie: Category:Magazines Category:Update_Issue

<CENTER>
<H2>
<UL>NEWSLETTER OF THE DRAGON USERS GROUP</UL>
</H2>
</CENTER>
 
Issue 4
<PRE>
Chairman Paul Grade, Editor Jeremy Hoyland,
6 Navarino Road, 120 Old Heath Road,
Worthing, Hythe, Colchester,
Sussex. Essex.
</PRE>

First off in this edition a big thankyou to all those who helped out at the
show. Snip Software were invaluable as were Ikon (who have now launched an
updated operating system for the Ultra Drive, answering all the critisisms
that were made in our review), Mega Marketing -who are to launch a natty
looking modem, and not least my sister who put me up for the night. Thanks
are also due to Dave Tomlinson of Cotswold Computers for supplying us with
the demonstration modem package.


Next special offers to club members. We are able to offer Cable
Softwares range (except Eager Edna) at 20% off through the club -so if you
send your orders in to us we'll pass them on, as far as I know Cables
other offers also hold -see their ad in Dragon User. Also under offer are
Snips range and Impsofts -see their ads in this issue.


Welcome to all those people who joined up at the show, just for you I
am holding open the competition to find a name for this rag for another
month, -suggestions on the back of a fiver to me. Due to the show and
assignment deadlines this issues a little chaotic, as you'll see from
the different print styles, in fact as the newsletter gets bigger the
chances of me typing it all in get smaller. So if contributors can send
their articles in on tape -either as Telewriter or Editext files I'd be
gratefull, though I'll obviously accept written material. That's enough me
from for now on with the show.

<CENTER>
<H3>
Thanks for the Memory- or, is your '32' really a '63'.Part 2.
</H3>
</CENTER>

Last time the Secretary's word processor made an interesting composite of
Part 1 of this article and the review of the UltraDrive! - (however, at
least the program listing was correct, except for Line 90, where 'A77'
should be 'A7'). Lets recap the story so far...


1) Recap. Last time I discussed how many Dragon32's have 'hidden' RAM. This
is because their nominally 32K memory is made up of a bank (of 8) 'half-
good' 64K RAM chips; the additional slightly imperfect 32K is 'hiding
behind' the Basic ROM etc. To find out if your machine is one of the
lucky ones, first look at bit 2 of the PIA register at &HFF22 after you
first switch on, like this:-

<PRE>
PRINT(PEEK(&HFF22) AND 4)
</PRE>

if the answer is 4, then alas you've got two banks of 16K chips, and no
hidden memory (but see my comments at the end of this part!) - if the
answer is 0, you should then use the test program I gave last time
to try writing numbers into the 'hidden' memory and reading them back;
however, you should only use addresses of hidden memory between &HC000
and &HFEFF, and then only if there's nothing plugged in the expansion
port; (trying other addresses will tell you nothing useful, and causes a
rather unhealthy conflict on the data lines - see below). To remove
this restriction we need a hardware mod., added externally by most, and
internally by the brave, which is the subject of this weeks exciting
episode...


2.Getting it all together.
 
Now we come to making the modification necessary to allow any part of the
upper 32K (except &HFF00 on - reserved for I/O registers) to be used. The
problem is that the internal 'decoder' which selects the BASIC ROM (and any
ROM in the expansion port) is designed to work properly only in map mode 0;
in map mode 1, it handles reads from memory (both ROM & RAM) correct1y, but
in writes to memory (RAM only!), it leaves the ROM at the same
address selected, causing two sets of data to appear on the data lines at
the same time.


Fortunately this conflict is easily cured, by turning off the decoder
(using the 'Ext Mem' line on the expansion port), whenever
there is a-write-to- memory the decoder doesn't itself have to activate
any circuitry in writes-to- memory. A circuit which will do all this via
the expansion port is given below (fig 1). It consists of two logic chips,
a 74LS30 (8-input NAND) and a 74LS00 (4 2-input NANDs, of which we use 2).
You'll need to get a suitable 'p1ug' for the expansion port- you could
scrap a cartridge, but a cheaper way is to get hold of a 44-way plug
that fits in a Spectrum expansion port, and cut it down. I suggest you
testbuild the circuit without connecting up the output gate to pin 40
initially.


It's also possible to make the modification internally, using one extra
'logic gate' (there is a suitable unused one on the board already).
Figs 2 & 3 show the circuitry before and after. Here is a detailed
description of what I did on the two boards I've modified, BUT CHECK
that it fits your board, and NOTE that the responsibility is ALL YOURS.


On my boards IC26 is a PIA (MC6821); IC31 is the 74LS02 shown in Figs 2 & 3
(and pins 1,2 & 3 were unused- the spare gate); IC33 is the decoder
(74LS138). Taking the usual precautions against 'static', join pin 12 of
IC31 to pin 3 of IC31, and join pin 2 of IC3l to pin 21 of IC26 (this is a
convenient R/W line). Now reassemble and check all still works. Then join
pin 1 of IC31 to pin 5 of IC33; finally, cut the connection between pin 5
of IC33 and pin 8 of IC33 (underside of board). Tis done...


Hopefully, in a third part I'll tell you some useful things to do with the
added memory- in the meantime, if you're stuck, or your machine is one
that's failed the tests, and you're still interested in upgrading it,
drop me a line via the Secretary (or ring 0272-294113). (I'm currently
running FLEX on a 16+16K machine I upgraded myself).

<CENTER>
[[File:DGU004F1.GIF|Dragon memory modification Fig 1]]
</CENTER>

SWAP OR SELL-Dragon software.Many new titles from Microdeal,etc
including TIME BANDIT,WORLDS OF FLIGHT,DEMON SEED, CASHMAN, MR.DIG,
TOUCHSTONE, DUNGEON RAID, ETC


I am willing to swap or sell all software.For further details and
list of over 100 games,write to:-

<PRE>
STEPHEN WHALL,
38 HIGH ST,
SCOTTER,
GAINSBORO,
LINCS.
</PRE>
<CENTER>
[[File:DGU004F2.GIF|Dragon memory modification Fig 2 & 3]]
 
<H3>
RAINBOW WRITER by Microdeal
</H3>
</CENTER>

The one thing that the Dragon lacks more than anything else is text on
Graphics. This problem has shown itself in arcade games, but more
importantly in business software. How many times have you wanted to show
figures with graphics forecasts &c. Microdeals Rainbow Writer sets out to
solve this problem and, to some extent, it does so.


The actual program is surprisingly short, less than half a minute, but
it is in M/C. There are two seperate programs, one is 50/64 characters
per line, and the other is 32/42. With these progs come character
generators with which you can redesign the whole character set!

The programs work in any PMODE but the lower the resolution the less
C.P.L. All the graphics commands work as normal so you can change the
colour of the text &c. The keyboard is also quite quick considering, and
the instrucions boast 120 words/minute. Rainbow writer also has some extra
commands which are very versatile, they include; subscript, superscript,
automatic underlining, artificial colours in PMODE4 and scroll protect. The
last item is very useful because you can allocate a certain amount of
lines, top or bottom or both, that cannot be overwritten. All print@
commands work as normal as well as tab. Also the program has been
copyright cleared so you can market your own programs with it. Mind you
there are one or two minor rules you have to comply with, but they are no
real problem.


With all this available you're thinking there must be a catch. Well
there is, the price is £20 for cassette and £22 for disc, also it
sometimes doesn't work with the disc plugged in, don't ask me why not.
Lastly it takes a big chunk memory -6K in some cases.


These problems aren't as bad as they sound since there are always ways
around them. The instructions say it will work with a 64k Dragon as well,
but I can't confirm this. For what it does and for what it can do, I would
recommend it despite the price.

Neil Scrimgeour.
<CENTER>
<H3>
THE 6809 COLOUR SHOW
 
NOVEMBER 17TH/18TH 1984
</H3>
</CENTER>

The absence of stands from Eurohard and Touchmaster hardly mattered.
There was plenty to see and lots of news.The Tandy and Microdeal stands
were biggest and brightest but there were more interesting things
elsewhere.I spoke with John Symes from Microdeal about the future for the
Dragon.He said that the response from the people attending the show was
tremendous.ICE CASTLES,a new title,sold out within two hours of the doors
opening!There are at least 15 titles in the pipeline,mostly games.It seems
that as long as the software is available from the U.S. then Microdeal will
continue to convert them.Disc users will be less pleased with the news that
there will be no new disc software.


Moving around the hall to talk to Salamander Software I discovered that
they were having a clearance sale, with many titles at less than half
price.There will be no new titles from Salamander,however,the long awaited
sequel to the Dan Diamond trilogy ,Franklin in Wonderland,as well as The
White Cliffs of Dover are available by mail order for a fiver each.Be
warned! You will receive the tape and very little else.


It was good to talk to Channel 8 Software.They have three new
titles(Midwinter,After the Fire and Infinite) plus a massive price
cut.Totally committed to the Dragon Adventure market,Channel 8 also helped
me with Circus and Time Machine,both of which have had me scratching my
head.


One of the most interesting exhibits was that of Race Electronics.To
quote Graham Franklyn,"Race were making the Dragon before Dragon
Data!".Like most of the better companies present,Race have now announced a
tie-up with Eurohard.Amongst the new products are a sideways ROM and a
Floppy tape drive.


Compusense were well up to their usual standard and remain totally
committed to our computer and "wish to preserve the market and
confidence".Further good news is that Compusense will support our group, we
only have to ask!


I spent a long time talking to Mike Kerry of Grosvenor Software.The
good news for those of you without a word processor is that you can now buy
a utility which enables DREAM to be used as a letter writer.More
excitingly,Mike Kerry has developed a cross assembler.Mike says that he is
using his Dragon to write for the Commodore 64! Once again the 6809 shows
it's superiority.


Impsoft,who are wrangling with Touchmaster over their excellent fruit
machine simulation,Fruity,launched a new game called Folly Farm's Chicken
Run.I bought a copy and will review the game in a later issue of the news
letter.


Ikon are a one product company and found that they had nearly sold out
of their specialised cassette drive.That is over 40 systems sold in less
than four hours.


Microcare is a company to watch, especially if you want to use your
micro for more serious uses.They have announced a price drop of their
intergrated Elite software suite.Very impressive with features comparable
to systems costing nearly ten times as much. They have promised to send
disc copies of this package for review.Microcare also offer a RAM upgrade
which gives your 32 twice the memory.You computer buffs fed up with the
Dragons limited display will be cheered by the news that Microcare are
developing an 80 column card.


Shards were amazed by the response from the show.They had sold more
educational software at the show than over the past six months!".The impact
of the show has made them reconsider the Dragon.


The idea of a light pen is very appealing but until now there have been
no good products available .Trojan have produced a deluxe version of their
best seller which works in pmodes 3 and 4.The fine detail is incredible.So
attractive is this product that Mr.H.J.Jones of Trojan told me that they
had sold out by 1.30.Trojan have supported the Dragon from the beginning
and had no hesitation in deciding to be at the Dragon show rather than
at the ZX Microfair.


Cumana were out in strength showing their range of disc drives.They had
a slight technical difficulty which Dragon User Group member John
Cox,sorted out for them.The good news from Cumana is a new disc interface
running OS9, something which will extend the future of the Dragon as a
serious machine.


Dragon User magazine was represented and sold out of most of their
stock.Their office produces many computer magazines but the Dragon User
receives most letters,most 'phone calls and most interest! Circulation of
the magazine is now over 35000 and rising.However,Sunshine Publications
only print what they think we want.Letters please to the Editor.


Our stand was manned through out the day by various members of our
group, many of whom met for the first time.Hundreds of membership forms
were taken and I hope that most of those people will be reading this once
they have paid their subscription!


Space limitations means that I can not cover all of the exhibitors here
but one thing is clear; every one of the software and hardware companies
are stunned by the continuing interest in the Dragon.The common complaint
is that dealers just do not want to know yet the show proved the strength
of the Dragon market.Let us hope that our group can help write that message
in large letters so that support for our machine will grow.


Please do not hesitate to telephone me if you want to talk about the
show or any other Dragon matters on (0273)779295.

<CENTER>
STEPHEN COTTERELL
 
<H3>
TAPE DOCTOR...........COMPUTIL.
</H3>
</CENTER>

One of the more serious omissions in the Dragon Error Code list is "SP
ERROR"....otherwise known as "Silly Prat Error". Now, I appreciate that
this could NEVER apply to you.....YOU'VE never over written the begining of
a program on tape, or clipped the last half a dozen bytes off of the
program you spent two hours typing in........Have you?. Well, we can't all
be as perfect as you, I've done that sort of things more times than I care
to remember,and the language I've used has been anything but Basic!!.


However, thanks to Pete Williams of Computil there is now an alternative to
learning a whole new range of adjectives, a very neat little program called
"The Tape Doctor", which is the kind of program that makes you wish it had
been built into the Dragon to begin with.


What you get for your money is a multi purpose utility program, which among
other things will catalog a tape, giving type of program, length, and
memory location. It will also provide a "MERGE" facility almost identical
with that used by Dragon DoS....something tape users have needed for far
too long!...and more to the point, it makes it a simple matter to salvage
almost any tape file, of any kind, that has been "clipped" at either end.


Obviously, data that has been wiped or overrecorded is lost....even Mr
Williams doesn't claim to work miracles, but any part of a file that
remains on the tape can be recovered, resaved, and in the case of Basic
routines, Listed to screen or to printer.


The Doctor reads files into a buffer area, one block at a time, and as an
additional bonus can be halted at the end of any block, and a copy, in Hex,
can be dumped to the printer simply by hitting the "D" key.....couldn't be
simpler!.


Now I'm not suggesting any particular uses you may have for a program that
will give you an instant Hex Dump of ANY program that it reads in.....be it
m/c or Basic..... I'm sure you can think of as many as I can!, but quite
apart from that, any program that saves the time and temper that this one
does is a program which ought to be considered essential equipment for
anyone running a Dragon, wether they're experts or absolute beginners.


There is one fault with this program, and that is that it is rather
"touchy" to load, it took me three attempts with the copy I have to find
the right settings for the recorder, but once they ARE found, it's no
trouble at all, and in any event, that's a fault I've found on MUCH more
expensive (and less useful!) tapes from "Big Name" software houses.


The Manual that comes with "Doctor" is well thought out, and covers just
about every query that's likely to arise.......easy to understand even
by a 1k brain beginner!!, and there's a "Freebie" as well....a quite handy
"Shopping List" type program, that could no doubt be easily adapted to
other uses if required.


My verdict:-A 'really practical program, at a really reasonable price, (No,
it's not obtainable through BUPA!).


If you're interested, it's obtainable by mail order only from "Computil,
22,Grove Park, Burbage,Hinckley,Leicestershire LE10-2BJ". Price 4.99.

<CENTER>
<H3>
FRANKLIN IN WONDERLAND
</H3>
by Pauline Hampson
</CENTER>

At last here is the sequel to the Franklin Trilogy,long awaited by many.
This adventure is wriiten in Basic with the same screen format as Franklin,
the screen seperated into three parts: location, inventory and screen
input. The game is based on "Alice in Wonderland" with the style of humour
that Franklin fans will recognise.


The initial location is a river bank, and eventually you find your way
down a rabbit hole. My daughter reads 'Alice' a great deal and she helped
me a lot. A copy of the book would be a help, however the game often
differs so beware.


All adventures have seperate sets of locations and you must fulfill
certain conditins to travel from one place to another. In Franklin this
involves being the right size. I found this a novel idea adding to the
charm of the game.


The object of the game is not made clear at first, but I much prefer
this style to the conventional treasure collectingtype. Locations
included: The Mad Hatters Tea Party; The White Rabbits house; The Mock
Turtles Seashore; The Cheshire Cats wood and the Queens Croquet Lawn.


Although the game is written in Basic, unlike the two later Franklin
games, this does not mean that there are annoying pauses while you wait for
the machine to respond, this speaks volumes for the programmers skill.


I enjoyed the game very much indeed, it certainly rates nine out of ten
at least. I must admit that I have not yet finished the game -being the
wrong size to continue at one point.


I recommend the game to all adventurers, it is real treat to get stuck
into another Salamander offering, so give yourself a treat -buy it for
christmas.


Franklin in Wonderland has not yet been officially released, but a nO
frills version is obtainable from Salamander at £5; Perhaps our support
will encourage them to write other Dragon games; especially when they are
capable of such a high standard. Salamander are at 17 Norfolk Road,
Brighton, East Sussex, BN1 4AA.


COMBAT AIR PATROL - Flight simulator for the Dragon 32/64.Fly the Skies and
descend to your homeland. Three seperate stages; Combat Air Patrol, Air to
Air refuelling, three stage landing. Graphics in PMODE4 with digital
instruments, computer display and rear view mirror. 2.joysticks required.
Price £3.50 all inclusive, cheques & POs to Neil Scrimgeour, 125
Occupation Road, Corby Northants. Neil is also flogging a Brother HR5
printer, complete with mains transformer and accessories for £120, price
new £180.

<CENTER>
<H3>
OS-9 & BASIC09
</H3>
</CENTER>
INTRODUCTION
 

Many Dragon owners will have been aware that a mild controversy
surrounds the processor at the heart of their machine. There are a great
number of exponents of the 6809 chip who consider it to be the acme of 8-
bit processors. Naturally the Z80 and 6502 diehards will refute this. Upon
one fact there can be no controversy however. The 6809 is the only popular
chip which can support fully position independent re-entrant code. It is
this capability which gives the 6809 its true power. What is PIC? PIC means
that any number of different executable programs may exist within ram
(subject to the amount of ram available). The Dragon in its standard form,
competes with Z80 and 6502 based home micros on their terms, i.e. it's
exclusive powers remain latent to all but machine code users.


OS-9 unleashes this power giving the Dragon owner the chance to get to
grips with an operating system, the features of which would normally only
be found on main-frame and some of the more expensive business computers.
Briefly, those features can be described as:

<PRE>
1. The ability to freely create and use PIC.
2. The directory system.
3. Unified input/Output.
4. Multitasking capability.
</PRE>
THE ADVANTAGES of PIC

The OS-9 operating system does not consist of one single block of ram,
as would normally be expected of a conventional micro-system. Instead, it
is made up of many different mini-programs (in OS-9, these are called
'modules'). All the essential modules are held in ram continuously, i.e
they act as pseudo rom. By essential, I mean the modules that control
standard input (the keyboard) and output (the screen) and the kernal (the
operating systems heart). You would look pretty silly if you couldn't use
the keyboard after you'd booted up! In OS-9 this would be referred to as
the 'bootstrap file' (in OS-9 just about everything is referred to as a
file - more about that when we discuss unified input/output).


It should be remembered that OS-9 is a dedicated DISK operating system.
It actually treats the disc as an extension of the host micros ram, e.g. If
the operator asks for a module (program) which is not already in ram
(pseudo rom) then OS-9 simply loads it from disk. During normal use, OS-9
will frequently load and execute modules which reside on disk. Very often
these modules are used for seemingly very simple tasks such as listing a
DIRectory, COPYing files, RENAMing files etc. On the other hand OS-9 might
call up a module which provided a very specialized task such as a word
processor, spread sheet etc. If a module has been automatically loaded from
disk, it will always be erased after its task is completed, thus keeping
the work space as large as possible (I like to think of a module as a piece
of 'rom', which is automatically loaded when the 'present rom' finds itself
deficient in some way). The one drawback with this idea is the time it
takes to load from disk, and for operations which are likely to be repeated
many times, this situation is not ideal. However because of PIC it is
possible to customize your own pseudo rom by loading the modules you intend
to use very often, either before you start work (using LOAD) or permanently
by adding to the Bootstrap file (using OS9GEN). This avoids unnecessary
disk activity. The maximum pseudo rom area is equal to the capacity of one
disk drive. (on DragonDOS that's 175k, on some drives it could be a lot more)


BASIC09 & PIC


Basic09s very existence is dependent upon the 6809s ability to handle
PIC. Once again a basic09 program is not a single block of ram as would be
expected on say the standard Dragon (or any other home micro), but would
consist of many short programs all residing in the workspace at the same
time. These short programs are called procedures. Each procedure is named
and for all intents and purposes acts like a completely independent
program. When saving or loading, all the procedures relevant to a complete
program are saved (or loaded) together under a communal name. The
simplistic brilliance of this scheme of things becomes apparent when you
consider holding two different programs in memory at the same time.
Assuming that several procedures are common to both programs, you could
have the situation where two 2k. programs only take up 3k when in the work
space together (1k of procedures are shared between each program).


The Basic09 LIST command only lists the contents of a single procedure.
To examine the whole contents of the workspace, the DIR command is used
(not to be confused with the disk DIR command). DIR will display the size
of each procedure held in memory, as well as the size of the data area,
viz. the amount of array and string space required to run the named
procedure.


The memory saving advantages which apply to the program area also to a
certain extent apply to the data area. The main calling procedure will
usually have the biggest data area, as it will pass on the addresses of
arrays etc. when it calls other procedures. A called procedure on the other
hand very often has a small data area, since the data which is passed to it
already exists.


The great advantage of Basic09 is that after control is returned to the
calling procedure, the data area of the called procedure is freed. If
that's left any one feeling a bit giddy, what I'm trying to say is that
temporary arrays and the like, once they've done their job, can promptly be
dispensed with. Add to this the fact that (PACKed) procedures can be run
from disk (and KILLed from the workspace), under program control, you can
see that very complex programs can be run with a limited workspace.


THE ULTIMATE STRUCTURED LANGUAGE


From the forementioned it's clear we already have the framework of a
highly structured language. Line numbering is optional with Basic09. The
language contains a large number of conditional type statements which allow
in many cases, for line numbering to be dispensed with completely.


It is inevitable that when discussing structured languages, that a
comparison with BBC basic is made. In some respects the BBC micro can
emulate some of Basic09s features, but in other areas it can never hope to
compete. I think it is fair to say that BBC basic represents about as
structured a language that can be produced by a processor which can only
handle PDC (position dependent code). Basic09 on the other hand, is really
in a different class.


This concludes the first of several features on OS-9. In the next
newsletter, I hope to discuss the advantages of the OS-9 directory system.
If you're thinking of taking the plunge, I hope this article has given you
an insight into what to expect. There are some amazing bargains to be had
at Comet and some Boots stores. You'll need a Dragon with 64k and a
DragonDOS disk drive (go for a twin drive if you can find one).


If you're already using OS-9, and you've come up against some problems.
Write to me c/o Paul and I'll try to help you out as best I can. Mind you,
I'm no expert! If you want to add your voice (or just plain disagree with
me!) then please write in.

<H3>
December Issue.....4.
</H3>

Well, we're still here and going better than ever......and I suppose I
ought to be surprised!!!!


Strange, is'nt it, how everyone is only too willing to tell you that the
Dragon is dead...that there's no demand for it....that it's an obsolete
machine, etc, yet we were rushed off our feet at the 6809 Show, and have
you ever tried to locate a secondhand 64? or a Dragon Disc system?....and
why are all these obsolete 32's selling secondhand for almost the cost of a
new machine???


Maybe all the "Experts" aren't quite as expert as they imagine....like the
one at the Worthing branch of Messrs B...s who assured me that the Dragon
was a very inferior machine, and that they weren't being made any
more, and insisted on trying to sell me the latest in tarted up
Spectrums, in the mistaken belief that it was a computer!!.


I've got a message for all the "experts": The Dragon is alive and well, and
Eurohard tell us that it will be produced in its present form, under the
same name, for a long time yet, and that a recased version using the same
boards will be released soon, as will a new range of preipherals.


The Dragon is Dead, Long Live the Dragon!!.

There are signs that the software scene is finally waking up to the fact
that the Dragon is a general purpose computer rather than a games
machine, and some quite reasonable software is begining to appear.....some
firms have even realised that everything doesn't have to be written in
PMODE4, and that there's a good market for business and utility
software as well. We can only hope that the idea catches on.


For those of you who think I'm just trying to convince you not to trade in
your old Dragon for the latest MSX Synthesizer or QL Bugbox.....I'm backing
my belief with cash, I've just given my bank manager heart failure by
buying myself a 64 to keep my old 32 company, and I wouldn't have done that
if I weren't sure that Dragons have got a long life ahead of them yet.


Well, that's enough from me for this month, I WAS going to do a write up on
the Shinwa CP80, but you'll have to wait until Issue 5 for that literary
epic. Have a good Christmas, and don't spill too many drinks down the
keyboard, the results are more than a little peculiar!.


Paul Grade.

<CENTER>
<H3>
A POCKET HANDBOOK FOR THE DRAGON
</H3>
by Peter Gerrard and Danny Doyle
</CENTER>

This offering from Duckworth is intended as a handy reference manual
for use with the Dragon, the sort of book that you keep by the machine so
that you can look up all those BASIC functions you never bothered to learn.
The book is a fairly slim volume, allowed for in the relatively cheap
(£2.95) price. It starts off with a set of ASCII tables and codes and then
dives into a description of Dragon BASIC; this is rather more detiled than
the reference card that Dragon Data handed out with the machine,
especially in its treatment of error codes.


the next main section covers the machines graphics and this combined
with the 'Hints and Tips, chapter is fairly useful. Aside from this there
is a section on M6809 machine code and assembler as well as fairly
detailed memory map, a whole lot of odds and sods on the RS232C
standards, Centronics standards and the Dragon port, Disc commands, the
edge connector and so on. Most of the books contents are useful, if not
astounding, and at less than three quid it's well worth considering as a
stocking filler.


Jeremy Hoyland


Dragnet


DRAGNET is a Sunday Morning gathering of Radio Amateur Licenced Operators
who are also enthusiastic DRAGON Users. We meet 'On the Air' each Sunday at
11 a.m. on a frequency of 144.525 Mhz. using Frequency Modulated emission,
with participants and listeners,at suitable locations,within a range of
fifty miles of Nottingham City.


The gathering,or NET, to use a Radio Amateur term,lasts for about an hour,
during which we exchange news and hints, and send DATA direct from Dragon
to Dragon.


Any Radio Amateur with a Dragon or Tandy Colour is welcome to join in and
contribute. There are no subscriptions to pay, and only one rule. NO
COPYRIGHT MATERIAL IS TO BE TRANSMITTED.


The sending and receiving of Data from Dragon to Dragon is simplicity
itself. No interface is required. To transmit the Data the listing is
loaded, or typed in as a programme, and the 'Mike' cassette lead is plugged
into the 'mike' socket of the transmitter, preferably with an 100 kilohm
resister in series, for isolation precautions. With all listeners ready,
the transmitter is switched on and the Dragon told to Csave"" or Csave"",A
or CsaveM, and the Data is transmitted.


To receive the Data, the 'EARPHONE' cassette lead is connected either to
the external loudspeaker, or phone socket on the receiver, and the Dragon
is primed with 'AUDIO ON:CLOAD' or CloadM. The receiver volume control
should be well up, far louder than for normal listening, but the audio
heard can be controlled with the T.V.Monitor volume control. We have found
that direct DRAGON to DRAGON is far more reliable than attempting to tape
record these transmissions. Only one reciever has been found to be
difficult. This is the 'FDK' 2Metre, which has a 1 Mfd capacitor across the
speaker, near the Audio transformer, C117, which cuts off the high
frequencies, and has to be removed. Dragnet has been on the air since 1st
Jan.84. If you are a Radio Amateur, and can't join us because of distance,
I recommend that you start your own. If you are not a Radio Amateur and
would 1ike to be, write to the R.S.G.B. Alma House, Cranbourne Road,Potters
Bar,Herts,EN6 3JW for their Book, 'How to become a Radio Amateur'. If you
want to listen to RTTY or Morse, try M.J.Kerry,22 Grosvenor Road, Seaford,
E Sussex BN25 2BS.

<CENTER>
<H3>
GETTING A DRAGON
</H3>
</CENTER>

I work in a small Special School in the county of Avon. Until recently
the only computer in our school was my own Tandy. Four years ago when I
first got the Tandy and started to take it to school, my then headmaster
said it was a toy and a waste of educational time.


Since then I have changed to the present establishment and both myself
and my machine have been made very welcome.


Our school has found it very hard to get money for a computer of its
own because the parents are widely spread and many of them are poorly-off.
However, we have been lucky enough to get the help of some local charitable
organisations.


Then I had the good luck to find a secondhand Dragon and also a new
Seikosha Printer at wholesale price. The printer will help many of those
children whose motor control is very poor and for whom writing is a
desperate struggle.


Our problem now is that we are still short of cash and have a very good
computer but a distinct dearth of software for same.


We would be extremely grateful for any help, advice and programs that
anyone feels generous enough to offer.


My sincere thanks to Paul for the kind help he has already given and my
best wishes to him and to all the members of the User Group.

<PRE>
Tony Hughes
Homestead
Says Lane
LANGFORD
AVON BS18 7DZ
Telephone Churchill 852725
</PRE>

I am writing to let you know of a special offer of 'leaderless' computer
quality tapes for members of the D.U.G. These tapes are C5, - 2 1/2 mins,
each side, with plain paper labels and cassette case. I find them to be
most useful. You would be suprised at the number of programmes that one
side will hold, and they are excellent for saving programme modules for use
in several programmes, if you are into programming as such.


The offer is made by;-

<PRE>
TAURUS ELECTRICAL SERVICES,
26/28, NOTTINGHAM ROAD,
LOUGHBOROUGH,
LEICS. LE11 1EU.
</PRE>

and is for five tapes, post free, for œ1.25.

<CENTER>
<H3>
ASCI CORNER
</H3>
by Neil Scrimgeour
</CENTER>

I have had a couple of queries regarding adventures this month, so here
goes.


Erik Aadland of Norway (we've got a wide membership!) wants to know how to
get a piece of rock in Franklins Tomb. Well actually Erik, the type of rock
you need is performed by Franklin and the All Stars so, if you havn't spent
your coin, Listen to some music! The second problem comes from Jason
Shouler; he needs to find the urn to get oil for his lamp. Now I've got
nowhere in this adventure and gave up long ago, so if anyone can help him
please write in. If you are just trying to turn the lamp on Jason the
command is 'lamp on' and to switch it off 'lamp off', but you will have to
find the urn sometime.


Because it is near christmas I think I'll mention a few games worth
putting on your christmas list. Apart from the Salamander games mtioned in
issue 2, Microdeals Pool is an excellent simulation of the real thing, and
it's the only version available for the Dragon. Tim Loves Cricket from
Peaksoft is one of the best simulations available for any machine, never
mind the Dragon. Channel 8s Time Machine, which I have just completed is
very enjoyable -as are the rest of the range, and now they only cost £6.95.
For something unusual try Pettigrews Diary, or its sequel Operation Safras,
mind you they aren't everyones cup of tea! As far as flight simulators are
concerned, the best one still seems to be Space Shuttle, though worlds of
Flight looked good at the show (what about Combat Air Patrol -ed) both of
those are by Microdeal. Also at the show Microdeal were displaying a
program called Speed Racer which was a Grand Prix simulation, now this
looked great but at this moment in time, late November, it is not available
-that is one I'm after. I've also heard rumours that Salamander had sequels
to the Franklins Trilogy and Wings of War (see elsewhere in this issue
-ed). When these will be released is anyones guess but they could turn out
to be classics. Finally don't forget Wintersofts Ring of Darkness and
Return of the Ring, well worth getting hold of.


This months program in detail is 'Johnny Reb by Lothlorian, a stretegy
game. The cassette comes with a small but lengthy set of instructions. The
programme is in machine code which I found rather surprising as the
programme could have been written in Basic, although it might not have
been so good. On loading you must first set up the conditions under
which you will fight. You can play the computer or let the Dragon act
as umpire. Next you choose sides and them the time limit and amount of
troops. After all this is done you then enter battle! The map is shown in
PMODE3,1 SCREEN1,0. Down the centre is a river and on each side is a
marshland and forest which you cannot cross. Your troops are shown as one
block per unit of cavalry, artillery and infantry; each of the three having
a different design, the opposing armies are in blue and red. All
commands either attacking or moving are entered via the keyboard.
Although this is understandable, if two people are playing it can make
things difficult. The object of the game is to capture your opponents flag;
this I acheived first time I played the computer but it did take me some
time to do so. Because of this I lost all interest in the game! To be
totally honest I am not really interested in wargaming and so I'm not
the right person to review it, but if you want something totally different,
or you are a wargamer it might be worth getting. The price is £7.95
and Lothlorians last known address is 56a park Lane, Poynton, Cheshire,
SK12 1AE.


Telewriter


About two years ago, I walked into a computer shop and was persuaded to buy
a Dragon. I knew nothing about computers (and still don't know very much
more) but I thought that the asking price was reasonable for something I
might lose interest in or go on to use for my business if I could begin to
master it.


One of the most boring and time consuming jobs I had to do was to prepare
quotations for clients so I decided that if I could write a program which
would do that, it would save me much time. More by luck than judgement, I
wrote a program which suited that need and after guite a bit of amendment
by a friend who knows far more than I do, I amended my program to include
far more things and become even more important that I had to find other
uses.


This led me on to look at other business programs and also the realisation
of the need for disc drives. Rightly or wrongly, I took the advice of an
extremely helpful man at the suppliers to whom I explained my
circumstances, and eventually opted for the Cumana Disc Drive and,
having already invested in a printer, I think this is where my problems
began.


I had already started to do a series of articles for Brides and Wedding
magazine and had invested in a word processing program and whilst it is
reasonable to run it on a cassette when you don' know any better, of
course, when you have discs, you then realise the inadequacies of the
cassette, and unfortunately Microdeal have no intention of modifying their
software for disc, despite the claims of their advance publicity.


Telewriter is a machine code program, and quite good as far as it goes,
but how much better it would be on disc. l am only a two finger typist
and l find that when createing the text it doesn't aleays keep up with me.


Alignment. Unfortunately I have found that 'Telewriter will only align on
one side of the page and, as such, I gather that this is inferior to
some other fairly inexpensive wordprocessor programs.


Move. In theory this should be an extremely important element in
Telewriter, but in practice I found it to be cumbersome and nowhere near
as good as it could be. Similarly block copy is also difficult to use.


Speed Mode. This doesn't seem to do much, l didn't find much difference
from ordinary mode.


Create. This program is menu driven and has some features which are really
interesting to use. The first one is Create which, as its name suggests,
allows you to enter text, if you're not a trained typist, like myself, it
does allow you to enter text at a fairly fast rate, and not bother
initially with spelling or puctuation, which can be corrected at a later
stage.


Edit. Takes you through the text allowing you to make alterations as you go.


Verify. As I have already mentioned, if only this program were on disc. As
it is l can use it on disc but have to save out to cassette, this option is
used to make sure that the text you have carefully typed in has been
faithfully saved to cassette.


Append. Lets you add a text saved on tape to one in the buffer memory.


Word count. One of the boring things about writing articles is having to
count the words, this does it for you.


Formatting. Under this heading the hard copy is prepared. The spaces
between the lines are determined and the width of the margins. Pages
can be numbered and type faces changed allowing you to produce high quality
copy.


Instruction Book. There is a 33 page manuaI that comes with Telewriter,
most of which is quite easy to understand, but seems fairly daunting when
you first get it. It is worth working through the book and I'm sure I
haven't discovered all there is to discover about Telewriter. There are
also some examples on the cassette to show how some of the functions work,
and the program is written for different types of printer.


All in all I find Telewriter quite a good program but I feel that there are
ammendments that could be made to improve it.


Ann Milstead.

<CENTER>
[[File:DGU004AD.GIF|IMPSoft advert]]
</CENTER>

[[Category:Magazines]] [[Category:Update_Issue]]

Update Issue 3 (Nov)

2014-09-02T07:18:37Z

Jedie: Category:Magazines Category:Update_Issue

<CENTER>
<H2>
<UL>NEWSLETTER OF THE DRAGON USERS GROUP</UL>
</H2>
</CENTER>
 
Issue 3
<PRE>
Chairman Paul Grade Editor Jeremy Hoyland
6 Navarino Road 120 Old Heath Road
Worthing Colchester
Sussex Essex
Tel. 207585 Tel. 46979
</PRE>

Here we are at issue three, membership is still going up, if slowly,
and we are able to bring you a special offer from Snip Software.
Talking of whom they are also allowing us to tag along on their stand (38)
at the 6809 show so I hope to see you there.


We have been through the membership forms that you have sent in to try
and see the direction in which the club and newsletter should move in
the future, it seems that a lot of you have some serious systems running
under OS-9 and FLEX and there are even some with a true high level language
(sorry all you BASIC hackers). To which end we would like to start up
some sort of a systems slot in the newsletter, that would cover
business software, operating systems and the more advanced languages that
are availabIe to the Dragon, however to do this we need a volunteer as
neither Paul nor I have machines capable (at present) of running the
necessary software. so if you're sitting out there with an itchy typing
finger and a 64 with discs get in touch. Finally on the subject of other
languages for the Dragon if anyone is really stuck with a Pascal or C
program I may be able to help out, and if anyone has heard of a LISP or
PROLOG interpreter for the Dragon let me know -PLEASE.

<CENTER>
<H3>
A PRINTERTWENTY POUNDS (PART 3)
</H3>
By Peter Williams.
</CENTER>

As promised in part 2 details will be given this month of the hardware
that will transform the parallel 5 bit hex data from the Dragons printer
port into the appropriate serial format for the teleprinter. There
are two stages; parallel to serial and 5 volts to 80 volts.


The conversion to serial can be acheived by the use of a UART
(Universal Asynchronous Reciever Transmitter). fig1. shows the
connections to the UART. Any pins not shown need not be connected, they
are concerned with the reciever section which is not needed in this case.
The other chips needed for this part of the circuit are a timer and an
inverter.


The following notes of explanation may be useful. The connections to
pins 35,36,37,38 and 39 configure the output to bit word length with one
and a half stop bits, which is the format needed by the Teleprinter. The
555 timer is set up to provide a clock rate of 800Hz. which gives the
correct baud rate of 50. The busy connection from pin 22 prevents the
Dragon from sending the next character until the present one has been
cleared. The inversion needed at pins 23 and 22 is acheived using two gates
of a 74LS04.


Fig 2. shows the circuit diagram that will convert the TTL levels of
the UART into the 80 volt levels needed by the Teleprinter. The optoisolator
is to protect the low voltage parts of the circuit, and the Dragon
itself from any possibiliy of damage from the high voltage part of the
circuit. The switching works as follows :-

<PRE>
State 1. opto-isolator off, T1 on, T2 on, T6 on, T7 on, +80v at TG out.
State 2. opto-isolator on, T1 off, T3 on, T8 on, T9 on, -80v at TG out.
</PRE>
Component details:-
<PRE>
All NPN transistors 2n3440 or MJE 340
All PNP transistors 2N5415 or MJE 350

all diodes 1N4003
r1 to R10 0.25 watt. R11 to R14 1 watt.
capacitors 100v rating.
</PRE>

The terminals of the Teleprinter controI unit are clearly marked so that
you can identify the correct points for the 80volt connections and the
signal. Fig 3. shows the same pin connections at the Dragons printer port.


The system described in this series of articles has been in regular
use for about a year and works very well. I have incorporated routines in
the software so that when first loaded the user can choose whether to
operate the'overprint' mode which produces missing characters by the use of
two existing keys, or the quicker mode in which either a space or a single
alternative character is printed. The program also includes a text screen
dump routine. If anyone is interested in converting a Teleprinter I
will be happy to provide a copy of the software for the nominaI price of
£2.00 to cover the cost of tape, postage, packing &c. The address is 22
Grove Park, Burbage, Hinkley, Leics., LE10 2BJ.


The next developement of this system is to do all the timing and
parallel to serial conversion in software and to use relays to change from
5 to 80volts. This would considerably simplify the hardware and therefore
reduce the cost of the operation. When this stage has been successfully
completed I will write another article. In the meantime I shall be glad to
hear from anyone who is attempting this or any similar project with the
Dragon.

<CENTER>
[[File:DGU003F1.GIF|Parallel to serial circuit diagram]]
[[File:DGU003F2.GIF|Voltage converter circuit diagram]]
[[File:DGU003F3.GIF|Dragon pinout connections]]
<H3>
IKON ULTRA DRIVE
</H3>
by Gary Coxhead
</CENTER>

To quote the advertising blurb, a 'Reliable, Automatic, High Speed Storage
system.' Can that be believed? Well after three months of regular use the
answer has to be a resounding 'Yes'.


At £83.40(inc. VAT & p&p), the Drive is not cheap, but it is not a lot
dearer than some dedicated casstte players and it is far cheaper than disc
Drives. Although not as fast as Discs it has one advantage over them in
that it uses no memory at all, so ALL your Basic and Machine Code programs
will transfer and run on the ultra Drive.


The unit is a neat 3" metal cube with ribbon cable and cartridge
attached. There is no external power supply as the unit draws its power
from the cartridge port. It is based around a Phillips personal
dictating machine and uses the same size minicassettes (15 mins each
side). Capacity of the cassttes is approximately 200k (100k per side) and
access time is fast, a full 32k program loads in approximately 30-40
seconds. Reliability is excellent but some brands of cassette are not so
good. Phillips own brand seems to be about the best (ordinary ones) and
cost about £2.10 each.


The cartridge, which plugs into the expansion port, houses a 4k eprom
with the operating system therein. The commands of the system are similar
to the standard cassette commands but using LOAD"" instead of CLOAD"" &c.
All the commands are in addition to the standard Basic and therefore
both Ultra Drive and cassette can be used together. The system is
completely automatic and firmware driven. No more pressing Play or
Play/Record. The only button is the cassette eject. One absolute godsend is
that you get no more dreaded I/O errors if you halfway through a program,
the drive just ignores this and looks for the next file header and
promptly loads it!! As usual though the tape must be positioned prior to
saving but this is easily done with the SKIP command.


Useful facilities include :- saving protected files (i.e. Break Key is
disabled and program Auto-runs on loading) both Basic and MC programs can
be Auto-run using the RUN and RUNM commands; rewinding the tape to a
specified position; DIRECTORY -which fast reads past the headers to give
name of file and other details; append Basic files.


Other more cosmetic commands include BREAK OFF, FAST and OLD. I would
have liked to have seen an AUTO line numbering command.


One nice touch is that all displays of error codes and the like are in
plain english e.g. "LOADING", "NO TAPE" &c.


Are there any disadvantages? Well there has to be one. Unfortunately
the Drives file handling is rather poor. Numeric arrays are handled okay
with LOADD and SAVED commands, but unfortunately, because of the way
Basic shifts string arrays about in a program, this makes life a little
difficult. If the arrays are suitably DIMed at the beginning of a
program that's okay, but you still have to use a FOR...NEXT loop to save
them. The problem is certainly not insurmountable to anyone with a good
knowledge of the machine, but I feel this is one area where the Drive
comes second to cassettes, even with their slow speed. One answer would be
to use the Drive for the program and the cassette for storing data,
but this is not very satisfactory.


Over all? Well apart from the criticisms the unit is still value for
money. It is an affordable alternative to cassetes for those who can't
run to Discs (including me!).Its speed and ease of use certainly made me
feel, after 3 months use, 'how did I manage before>'.


Obviously I cannot give every detail of the machine in this short
review, but should anyone wish to know more, do not hesitate to phone me on
0375 672137.

<CENTER>
<H3>
LETTER FROM THE CHAIRMAN
</H3>
</CENTER>

Well, we've made it to issue 3, and I think it's safe to say that we're
reasonabley safely established as THE National Group.


That doesn't mean that we've got all the members we need...we can still
do with a couple of thousand more, in fact i think I can offer you a little
incentive to go forth and multiply....


Thanks to Snip Software, who, like us are in the process of getting
established, we have a selection of software on offer, and I'm putting up a
set of four tapes to whoever can recruit the most new members before Issue
Four goes to print. It's up to you, it's a good chance to help yourself and
the Group at the same time!


Second point: If there's sufficient demand, I'm thinking of starting a
'HIT LIST'... (No not a list of members who sent bouncing cheques!). The
idea being for you to send in brief but specific details of any legitimate
complaints you have about any hardware or software firm, or magazine.
Assuming they are reasonable complaints, well publish them, and send a copy
to the relevant firm for comment/reply.


If you like the idea, and you have a complaint, write and tell me, but
make sure it IS a valid one....it's no use complaining that the copy of a
copy of a ripoff you got at a jumble sale won't load!


If you run a company that gets complained about.."you need not say
anything unless you wish to do so, but anything you do say will be taken
down in writing and used in the next Newsletter". If you run a company and
are a member...Hard luck Mate you just can't win can you!


On the subject of complaints, I've got a couple of general ones, if
anyone out there feels like commenting on them.


1) Over eighty per cent of our members run some kind of disc system, yet
software firms are still producing software that uses areas occupied by the
DOS. WHY?... and why should we have to rewrite programmes that are usually
overpriced to start with, or risk connectors by constantly having to pull
the DOS?


2) What happened to the old idea that GOOD programming was that which did
the job as simply as possible, using the minimum amount of memory?
Personally, I'm sick of programs that use 25k to acheive an effect that
could be done in 5. Ditto games that have a 10k loading screen tacked onto
a 9k programme. Try checking sometime, some of the stuff on the market is
ridiculous.


OK thats it for this month. By the way I'm still trying to get rid of
'DRS', if anyone wants to swap an accounts program for it, and I'm still
wanting any scrap Dragon hardware for spares. (Like a 64 without a plug?
-ed). Yes I know Im rabbiting on more than usual, but I'm invoking Gaffers
priveledge, so you'll just have to put up with it.


Here's a letter from an ordinary mortal.


Here in the midlands we have been running an 'On the Air' club for
holders of Radio Amateur Transmitting Licences, since 1.1.84, for
Dragon Users, plus a few Tandy Color Users. Although there is no
subscription to the club, attendance on the Net has fluctuated from an
initial 15 or so to 2 or 3, but this may be due to the summer weather
and other Radio Amateur Rallies usually held at the same time, i.e. Sunday
Mornings. It is of course a very local event, mainly Nottingham, Derby,
Loughborough Stations taking part, and not a world-wide club.


Radio amateurs are fortunate as we can not only use the Dragon for
Radio teletype, morse, &c., but can pass programmes as Data with ease
over the air.


There are of course many people who receive data but do not transmit,
or join in, and there are many who own other machines and listen in,
probabley with envy.


The main difficulties are due to the membership being adults who would
like to get to grips with the Dragon, but are to busy with business and
family to have much time at the keyboard.

Yours Sincerely
 
R.A. Davis
<CENTER>
<H3>
ASCI CORNER
</H3>
by Neil Scrimgeour
</CENTER>

Over a year ago a programme called "Ring of Darkness" was released by
Wintersoft. At the time it was by far the best programme (technically at
least) for the Dragon. Even Today it can still hold its own. Now said
company has released the sequel 'Return of the Ring'. Most sequels are
poor, but I would go as far as to say that this programme will be one of
the all time greats for our friendly Dragon.


The layout is much the same as the original in that it takes a long
long time to load. The actual plot is now that you have captured Shedir you
have to return him (her)? to their rightful place. Instead of having a 3D
dungeon you now have a 3D moon forest which actually has night and day,


The graphics are superb in this sequal and there is a lot more detail
than before. The most significant change is that the programme will
now acceptmulti word sentences. This is needed so that you can transact
with other (independant) characters which help you with your quest.


I suppose you could liken it to 'The Hobbit' or 'Valhalla'. Most Dragon
owners have been crying out for these programmes to be available for the
Dragon but now we have got 'Return of the Ring' there is no point!


Solving this quest is going to take a long time (maybe years) because
After you have completed the game side of the tape there is a separate
standard text/graphic type adventure to be solved. Therefore this cassette
could be considered to have three seperate games on it, and at £9.95 it
must be great value. Buy it if only to find out what our good 'ole
Dragon is really capable of,But be warned, it is far from easy!


I would also like to thank Wintersoft for their excellent customer
service department. My Dragon refused to load four different copies but
Wintersoft still soldiered on and sent me a copy that would load (it was
my Dragons fault not Wintersofts).


I have had a query from the Mischevious Maniac from Middlesborough,
otherwise kknown as Ian Bean. His problem is with two Tandy adventures
'Pyramid 2000' and 'Bedlam'. Firstly he wants to know how to get past
the snake Pyramid 2000) and secondly how to get past the Guard dog in
'Bedlam'. I am also stuck at the same point so I would appreciayte some
help too.

<CENTER>
<H3>
FAST and OLD. I would have Thanks for the Memory -or is your '32' really a '63'
 
One nice touch is that all
</H3>
by Bob Hall.
</CENTER>

"LOADING', "NO TAPE' &c. -
 
"LOADING", "NO TAPE' &c. - Your little old Dragon may have
 
"LOADING', "NO TAPE &c. - Your little old Dragon may have disadvantages?
 
Well there has
 
Well there has hidden memory: discovering whether it does shouldn't take
you long, but realising the extra memory's full potential will require
you to add an extra piece of 'logic' (two chips at 20p each) which plugs
into the expansion port, or to make a brave five minute mod internally
(cost?... only anguish). The catch is that the that's okay, but you still
have extra memory (all 32k of it, if save them. The problem is you make/add
the mod.) is unlikely to be perfect, though it would certainly be
good enough for storing extra graphics pages, (which can be displayed
without their slow speed. One answer moving them), or say tunes for
'composer' (a program I can recommend). Here are the easy steps to success:


Over all? Well apart from 1. the criticisms the unit is Have still
value for money. It is an you got what it takes?


cassetes for those who can't The first step to answering this question is
pretty straightforward -Dragon memory basically comes in two sorts- either
16 chips of 16kbits (usually 4116s) or 8 chips of nominally 32kbits each.
It's these last which are often 64kbit chips which didn't quite make it.
These two sorts of memory are controlled differentl by the SAM chip (alias
6883/741s783), and it finds out which sort it's got to control by
interrogating bit2 of the PIA register at &HFF22. So:-

Step 1. Switch on. Type ?(PEEK(&HFF22) AND 4)

If the answer is zero you're in with a chance -if it's four tuff (if
it's anything else, steady your trembling fingers and try again).


The second step is nearly a^ as easy -we try to write information to
part of the hidden memory, and read it back again. We do this by
switching the SAM chips memory map mode' from 0 (its normal state) to mode
1, testing, then switching back again. However, when the Dragon is in
mode 1 the BASIC ROM is switched out, so we must write the test routine in
machine code (or FORTH) and execute it with 'interrupts' turned off. We
switch to mode one by attempting to store any number at &HFFDF, and get
back by attempting to store at &HFFDE (this is just like the speedup poke
and is all explained in 'inside the Dragon').


Finally, until we've added the circuit mod (see part 2) we have to confine
our test to memory between &HC000 and &HFFF -with nothing plugged in the
expansion port. To MC enthusiasts this shiould be enough of a clue, but for
normal mortaIs I give a useful routine for performing the test below. (It
can also be used, without restriction on addresses, by '64' owners to move
data around.)


Make yourself some data, by pokeing numbers of your choice to say &6000 on;
use the routine to move them to say &HD000, (AND CHECK THAT THEY HAVN'T
MYSTERIOUSLY APPEARED AT &H5000 ON, which is what happens with a '16k+16k'
memory) - then move them back to say &H7000 and cross check them. Now you
should know if your Dragon really has RAM lurking above &H7FFF.

<PRE>
10 'MOVIT 23-JAN-84
20 DATA 34,7F 'PSHS
30 DATA 1A,50
40 DATA 8E,00,00
50 DATA 10,8E,00,00
60 DATA B7,FF,00
70 DATA A6,80
80 DATA B7,FF,00
90 DATA A77,A0
100 DATA 8C,00,00
110 DATA 2F,F1
120 DATA B7,FF,00
130 DATA 35,FF
140 '
150 PRINT "MOVIT HERE":PRINT"GIVE ME A HOLE TO LIVE IN";:INPUT BA
160 IF BA>300 GOTO 170 ELSE 150
170 FOR I=BA TO BA+30
180 READ V$:V=VAL("&H"+V$)
190 POKE I,V
200 NEXT I
210 PRINT"AM I IN 32K(0) OR 64K(1) MODE;:INPUT MO
220 PRINT"TAKE DATA FROM";: INPUT ST,FI
230 PRINT"IN MAP MODE";: INPUT MI
240 PRINT "AND PUT IT AT";:INPUT NA
250 PRINT"IN MAP MODE";:INPUT MF
260 IF MO=0 THEN POKE BA+28,&HDE ELSE POKE BA+28,&HDF
270 IF MI=0 THEN POKE BA+13,&HDE ELSE POKE BA+13,&HDF
280 IF MF=0 THEN POKE BA+18,&HDE ELSE POKE BA+18,&HDF
290 X=INT(ST/256):Y=ST-256*X
300 POKE BA+5,X:POKE BA+6,Y
310 X=INT(FI/256):Y=FI-256*X
320 POKE BA+22,X:POKE BA+23,Y
330 X=INT(NA/256):Y=NA-256*X
340 POKE BA+9,X:POKE BA+10,Y
350 EXEC BA
</PRE>
<CENTER>
<H3>
Brainteasers for the Dragon 32
</H3>
by Pauline Hampson.
</CENTER>

Genevieve Ludinskis book has been translated for the Dragon 32. It consists
of 22 program listings for puzzles and games which should appeal to
computer enthusiasts who thrive on puzzles. Some games include instructions
on altering them and many would be suitable for children.


Each listing is accompanied by instructions, an explanation and a
picture of what the screen should look like. Many programs have either a
"High Res text writer" or "character set" in common so save these on tape
to save typing. I tried several programmes myself and obtained a tape of
some others.


In "Decisive Hero" you are given 8 groups of 3 numbers and have to say
which groups when added together give the highest total. This has to be
done before a train reaches a bridge which explodes. The screen layout was
good but I would have liked some sound. The time allowed was very short but
you are told how to make the game easier. It will sharpen up your
addition and provide fun that will appeal to children.


"3D Brainstorm" is completely different, it is a game for two players,
a sort of super noughts and crosses. Nine cubes are displayed on screen
each having 3 faces of nine squares. The computer asks you a series of
questions to isolate the square you wish to choose. This is confusing at
first but soon becomes clear. The object is to colour in a row or column
before your opponent. I thought the game was clearly laid out and if you
like noughts and crosses then this is for you.


I thouqht that "Detective sounded really interesting. You have to
memorize several stolen car numbers and then identify them correctly and
attempt to stop them. Unfotunately although the game ran my car
numbers were all fifteen digits long and not seven, and I could not track
down my error. This spoilt the game for me and made the layout a bit messy.


'Odd one out' will be a favourite with the children. You are shown nine
numbered shapes consisting of several coloured triangles displayed on a
green background and have to spot the different one. Another similar one is
'Spot the difference'.


Children also enjoy maze puzzles and two are included 'Amazing' anD
'Spiral maze'. 'Spiral' was impossible rather often and I altered it
slightly. I could not get the congratulation message to appear and I
extended line 1515 to read: OR X>9 AND X<31 AND Y>149 AND Y<17. Another
memory game was 'Whats Yours' where you have to copy a random order
for beer, lager, wine and whisky in their ditinctive glasses. This would be
harder if the row which you were copying was covered up and not left on the
screen. I did not enjoy 'Drakes Adventure Game' which was painfuly slow
although the screen display was excellent.


Two musical games are included "Close Encounters" and 'Don't paint the
cat'. I tried Close encounters where you have to repeat an ever increasing
musical phrase to land a space ship. I could not do this at all, but as I
have no ear for music I am not fit to comment! There are several other
games included which I did not try, these include numerical games of
different types, graphs, a robot wiring game, a western game and a
whodunnit.


I have described all the bugs which I have found and I hope that there
aren't any others. Most of my programming was learnt by debugging, so press
on - it's good for you.


It is amazing how many of my computer friends went from Rubiks cube to
computer. I think we are all of a type who like to solve puzzles (and debug
games). The book provides plenty of puzzles and I found them much less
boring than Space invader and Launar lander programmes. They certainly do
not resemble any commercial programmes that I have seen so it is worth
typing them out. Those of you with children can alter and adapt the games
to suit then. My daughter liked a lot of them, and most of them are
educational. The book is welL worth a look.

<CENTER>
<H3>
EDITEXT
</H3>
by Barry Johnson
</CENTER>

Editext is a fairly simple word processor written by A. Jones and S. Betts
of 'Nectarine'. The program is written in Basic, (but read on!!), and comes
on tape. There are two versions of the programme on the tape; 'Editext' for
cassette operation and 'Deditext' for use with Dragon DOS. The cassette
version allows the user to handle approimately four pages of text at a
time, and the disc version, because of memory restrictions, allows about two
pages.


The cassette filing routines are quite comprehensive, with each
'Document' being stored in two parts; the first part is a header which
carries the title and the number of lines of text (that is lines of thirty
one characters which is how the screen and editor handle text). The second
part is the document itself, in blocks of upto 450 lines.


The disc version is, to say the least, far faster and thus easier to
use...welL, it would be, wouldn't it? Before the disc version can be used a
special 'editext' directory is set up by following the instructons in the
manual. This only takes a few seconds, then you are ready to go.


Editing is simple, and the options include:

1. Normal or justified printing.
 
2. Automatic wordwrap.
 
3. Find and Replace waords and phrases.
 
4. Move lines and paragraphs.
 
5. Printer format - really easy via the menu.
 
6. Change typeface for the Epson FX800.

the speed of operation is fairly respectable, and for £12.95 doesn't
seem bad as programmes go, although many prices have halved recently.


The only major improvement that I found it needed was an auto repeat
facility for the keyboard which speeds things up considerably,(Thanks
Steve!). I must admit that i've not tried using another processor, but this
one seems quite reasonable to me.


(From the Editor, This edition of the Newsletter was prepared using
Editext, so you can see it works -shame it hasn't a sspelling checker
though, I could blame all my mistakes on Nectarine.)


Here's a set of EXECs for those times you want to use a command and the
Dragon insists it's TM or similar

<PRE>
RUN 34213
CLOAD 46804 (Usually doesn't wipe programme in memory)
CSAVE 46722
LLIST 36516
TRON 39641
CIRCLE 45624
PAINT 44167
DRAW 45137
SKIPF 47134
</PRE>
<CENTER>
<H3>
BAD BYTES
</H3>
</CENTER>

This section is reserved for any problems that you may have and want to
write in to us about, if we can't solve them then we'll publish the problem
anyway and maybe someone else can.


Brian Morely, Coalville, Leics.
 
' I am unable to load textfiles produced by DREAM, and is there any life
at Touchmaster - they don't reply to letters. '


There are two possible reasons for your DREAM problem; low output or short
header. If it's the former POKE 144,3 before running the programme. For the
header try POKE(Hex)745B,255 or (Hex)746B,128 (This value can be increased
upto 255).


As to your second point - damned if I know, but we haven't been invited
to the funeral! Anyone from Touchmaster care to comment? (I do, they don't
answer my letters either -ed.)


John Niblock of Numeaton
 
'Have had problems with the CHAIN instruction in Dragon DOS:
 
a) When using strings, the string contents are corrupted by chaining...this
is cured with FRE$, but its use causes program pause."


This was a fault in the Dos that dragon Data intended to cure, but they
went bust first. I don't have an answer.


"b) More serious problem. When chaining several programmes her the Dragon
locks up on the first instruction which contains a string or string function."


I can only assume that you're attempting to chain more programme than
the Dragon has memory, Stating the obvious the Disc Drive only increases
external storage. Internally the Dragon retains its normal limit.


G.D. Westerman of Bury St. Edmunds.
 
"How many members have an Ikon Ultra Drive, and is there any commercial
software for it?"


So far as we know there are three members with an Ultra Drive, and none
of these list any special software. Can anyone help?


Pauline hampson, Staffs.
 
"The remote socket on the cassete player wears out with continual use."


The easiest solution is to solder a switch across the remote contacts
in the recorder. This makes it unnecessary to remove the plug.


Dr Richard Crampton, Rotheram.
 
"I could use a twin Disk Drive, how do I get hold of one?"


Search me.


And finally from Barry Johnson who supplies his own solution:


A problem that I've had recently may be of interest to some readers. My
printer, (a Tandy LP7), wouldn't initialise properly every time it was
switched on, and would often hang up during listings or protracted printing
routines.


The cause of the trouble seemed to be nothing more serious than dust
and cobwebs on the circuit board! Mind you it was purchased second hand,
previous owner unknown, but it does go to show how some quite exasperating
problems can have simple solutions.

<CENTER>
<H3>
CLASSIFIED
</H3>
</CENTER>

For Sale: Dan Diamond trilogy, Wings of War, Air Traffic Control, Space
Shuttle, Buzzard Bait, Oasis Compiler, Sound Shaper (Shards), Johnny Reb,
Ring of Darkness and Shenanigans. All half price or will swap 4 cassettes
for superwriter2 cartridge, Also wanted; Dragon Machine Language for the
Absolute Beginner (Melbourne House) -will swap for games or money.


Neil Scrimgeour, 125 Occupation Rd, Corby, Northants, NN17 1EG.


Neil has copies of his own games, including Combat Air Patrol for sale,
but write to him about that -ed.

<CENTER>
<H3>
PIXEL PARK
 
COMBAT AIR PATROL
</H3>
by Ashley Adamson
</CENTER>

When you begin to load Combat Air Patrol you are presented with an
excellent drawing of a fighter plane, which you cannot help but admire, it
is difficult not to sit and study it as the rest of the programme loads.
This is a game programme and it is written BASIC. This is not too much of a
disadvantage because we are looking at a flight simulator and these are
games which are not customarily played in a fast manner. Not being in
machine code has probabley meant that the writer has been able to include
more detail. How often have you noticed that a fast moving games programme
has poor background scenes simply because writing them in machine code
would have been too tricky?


Back to C.A.P. and we find that once the programme is up and running we
are already in mid-air, hurtling forward with our fuel level dropping. What
happened to take-off, I hear you ask? Well unusually this has been bypassed.
You are in the cockpit and must quickly grasp control of your craft before
you get fired on by airborne enemies. To make matters worse some of the
planes comung at you are friendly and not to be fired at.


If you are able to follow the instructions you might just survive an
attack and then, at the very least, you will need to refuel. Refuelling is
a nicely done procedure, if a little tricky. Though not, I hasten to add,
as hard as landing. I never managed this but I have seen others get quite
near to successful landings.


VERDICT


Combat Air Patrol is not a game to be picked up lightly or glided over.
It will require you to learn the keyboard controls before you can get
anywhere. There are many neat touches, for example you will find hi-res
text in some sequences of this programme. If you have not got a flight
simulator then this one might be worth raising your ailerons for.


Juniors Revenge from Touchmaster.by Neil Scrimgeour


Hands up all of you who have ever played a version of Donkey Kong. Yes
as I thoughty, A couple of million! Hands up all those who have played a
version of juniors revenge. Aha not so many. Well don't you think it's
about time that Kong got his own back? You can help him with Juniors
Revenge.


Using a joystick you can control Kong junior to rescue his father from
the evil Clutches of Luigi. But be carefull, there are many creatures to
bar the way and three different types of screens. The layout is very much
like the original in that you can choose the colour set and PMODE and also
that you can play in practise or game modes. The graphics are good but
not amazing and it is fairly fast MC. Not a bad game though I'm dammed if I
can find a price for it.

<CENTER>
<H3>
CLUBNET
</H3>
</CENTER>
<PRE>
The 6809 Users Group, In the Sussex area try:
c/o Paul Hills, c/o Multisoft Systems.
23 Woburn Road, St. Martinsd,
Launceston, Orchard Road,
Cornwall, Bexhill-on-Sea,
PL15 7HN. Sussex.
</PRE>

The N. Down Microcomputer Group, ring Eddie Doak on 0247 450902.

<PRE>
Sheffield Dragon Users Group In the Peterborough area:
c/o Dr. R. Crampton, Mr. A. Fairchild,
131 Herringthorpe Valley Road, 53 Myrtle Avenue,
Rotherham, Peterborough
S. Yorks, PE1 4LR
S65 3RU.
</PRE>

Finally there's the Romsey Area Dragon Users Group, c/o Ashly Adamson, St.
Elmo, Slab Lane, West Wellow, Romsey, Hants, SO5 8RG.


''STOP PRESS As of now it looks as though we may have our own stand at
the 6809 show, if we do then we should show the Teleprinter project and a
modem; if you have anything interesting bring it along, the more the
merrier. Apologies for this issue being a little scrappy but I was
literally reduced to cutting and pasteing.''

<CENTER>
[[File:DGU003AD.GIF|SNIP Software advert]]
</CENTER>

[[Category:Magazines]] [[Category:Update_Issue]]

Update Issue 2 (Oct)

2014-09-02T07:18:28Z

Jedie: Category:Magazines Category:Update_Issue

<CENTER>
<H2>
NEWSLETTER OF THE DRAGON USERS GROUP
</H2>
</CENTER>
 
Issue 2
<PRE>
Chairman Paul Grade, Editor Jeremy Hoyland
6 Navarino Road, 17 Oxford Road,
Worthing, Frinton-on-Sea,
Sussex. Essex, CO13 9HX.
Tel 207585 Tel 3551
</PRE>

Here we are, issue two and money in the bank, I'd like to say thank you to
all those who've had a little faith and coughed up their £7.50, and to
those who haven't -it had better be in the post or we'll send the boys round.


As you can see we still have no name, the best attempt so far is 'POKE
65495,0 for a Good Time', obviously the incentives aren't great enough to
get your muses of fire lit so, as Snip Software have kindly donated some of
their tapes, I'll offer a prize for the best name of a complete set of
their new range. On the subject of prizes Paul is offering two Microdeal
'One Pound Discount' vouchers for the best routine for transferring AUTORUN
programs from tape to Dragon Disc.

Quite a lot has happened in the last month, and by the next edition we
hope to be offering members discounts on various products. Touchmaster have
been contacted unofficially and seem quite enthusiastic about a national
group and even our national group. Coming up is the 6809 users show for
Dragon and Tandy users at the Royal Horticultural Halls, I intend to be
there on at least one of the two days -hopefully both- and with luck the
club will have some kind of presence there. All this may seem a bit
nebulous at the moment but by the next edition (yes there will be an issue
3) we hope to have much of this sorted out. Until then keep up the good
work -we need more members and more articles, especially for 'Pixel Park'
so get busy.

<CENTER>
<H3>
A PRINTER FOR TWENTY POUNDS
</H3>
BY Peter Williams (sorry about last month -ed)
</CENTER>

In part 1 we discussed the various problems to be overcome when using a
Teleprinter terminal as a printer with your Dragon. This month the method
of converting ASCII 8 bit to Baudot 5 bit will be explained.


When the Dragon sends a character to a printer from its parallel
Centronics port it is formed as an 8 bit parallel byte using the
universally accepted ASCII code. For example the letter A would be sent as
01000001 binary, which is 65 decimal or 41 hex. The Baudot code for the
letter A is 11000 but the normal convention in telegraphy is to turn to
bits as Mark and Space, the letter A is therefore described as MMSSS.


A system using a 5 bit code can only recognise a maximum of 3
characters so teleprinters use two modes, Letters and Figures. For instance
the code MSSSS can either be the letter E or the figure &. The teleprinter
needs to receive the appropriate 'figures shift' or recieves 'shift' first
to put it in the correct mode.


The easiest way to convert from ASCII to Baudot in software is to set
up a table of the Baudot values in the same order as their ASCII
equivalents. The ASCII value of the printed characters run from 32 (space)
to 90 (Z) so that if 32 is subtracted from the ASCII value it tells us the
position in the table of the equivalent Baudot value. The table of values
is shown in figure 1.


The column headed HEX in the table is the value we can store in the
Dragon memory that will convert most easily to marks and spaces but in
serial format they are sent the least significant bit first which explains
why MMSSS is stored as 03.


Some of the ASCII characters in the Figures column of the table are not
included in the teleprinter type font. The table shows these as
SSMSS(hex04) which is the code for space, but it is also possible to have a
more complicated programme that will overprint two of the available
telepriter keys to produce an approximation of the missing character. For
instance, we can get a dollar by using S and / or a close match for hash
using = and /.


With a suitable machine code programe we can intercept any character
being sent to the printer port and, by using the table, convert it to a
different character whichn can easily be changed from parallel to serial by
some added hardware.


Future articles will describe this hardware and also look at some of
the other functions that can be included in the software.

<CENTER>
<H3>
Fig 1. Table of ASCII to Baudot conversions.
</H3>
</CENTER>
<PRE>
FIGURES LETTERS
chr ascii baudot hex chr ascii baudot hex
sp. 32 SSMSS 04 A 65 MMSSS 03
! 33 SSMSS 04 B 66 MSSMM 19
" 34 SSMSS 04 C 67 SMMMS 0E
# 35 SSMSS 04 D 68 MSSMS 09
$ 36 SSMSM 14 E 69 MSSSS 01
% 37 MSMMS 0D F 70 MSMMS OD
& 38 SSMSS 04 G 71 SMSMM 1A
' 39 MSMSS 05 H 72 SSMSM 14
( 40 MMMMS 0F I 73 SMMSS 06
) 41 SMSSM 12 J 74 MMSMS 0B
* 42 SSMSS 04 K 75 MMMMS 0F
+ 43 MSSSM 11 L 76 SMSSM 12
, 44 SSMMS 0C M 77 SSMMM 1C
- 45 MMSSS 03 N 78 SSMMS 0C
. 46 SSMMM 1C O 79 SSSMM 18
/ 47 MSMMM 1D P 80 SMMSM 16
0 48 SMMSM 16 Q 81 MMMSM 17
1 49 MMMSM 17 R 82 SMSMS 0A
2 50 MMSSM 13 S 83 MSMSS 05
3 51 MSSSS 01 T 84 SSSSM 10
4 52 SMSMS 0A U 85 MMMSS 07
5 53 SSSSM 10 V 86 SMMMM 1E
6 54 MSMSM 15 W 87 MMSSM 13
7 55 MMMSS 07 X 88 MSMMM 1D
8 56 SMMSS 06 Y 89 MSMSM 15
9 57 SSSMM 18 Z 90 MSSSM 11
: 58 SMMMS 0E CARR RETURN 08
; 59 SSMSS 04 LINE FEED 02
< 60 SSMSS 04 FIGS SHIFT 1B
= 61 SMMMM 1E LETTS SHIFT 1F
? 63 MSSMM 19
@ 64 SMSMM 1A
</PRE>
<CENTER>
<H3>
PROBLEMS
</H3>
</CENTER>

1. R.S. McDermott "Has anyone got a data sheet for the AN7910 modem I.C.
and/or circuit sheets for the Dragon 64"


Try multisoft for the AN7910 sheets and we'd like a set of Dragon sheets ourselves.

2. H. McDonald "AS far as I can see DREAM will only support five characters
in the FCC function. Is this right? I am not too clear how to load and
store the contents of an FCC function. Any advice would be appreciated.


DREAM will support more than 5 characters in the FCC/FCB function. It
may only be saved/loaded as part of a DREAM file as it is an assembler
directive only. Warning early copies of DREAM had two serious bugs.


3. Harvey Nyman would like help with his Delta DOS, if you can contact him
via the editor.

<CENTER>
<H3>
ASCI CORNER
</H3>
by Neil Scrimgeour
</CENTER>

In this issue I have decided to concentrate on Salamander, the main reason
being that they are offering a discount on Dragon software at the moment.


I suppose you could say that they are most famous for the 'Dan Diamond'
trilogy which actually isn't bad, the first part 'Franklyns Tomb' was one
of the first adventures I tried. I quite liked it and it stands as one of
my all time favourites, I think the reason is because of the booklet
supplied which gives the programme much more atmosphere. The adventure
itself has a feeling of it's own and would work with out the pictures. I
like humour in a game and this has it -mind you I've a warped sense of
humour anyway. The programme is in BASIC but this does not hinder the game
as it is quite fast in response. The following parts 'Lost in Space' and
'Fishy Business' are in machine code, I didn't like these as much, but for
£7.95 they are good value.


Wings of war is a totally different adventure being set in WWII, you
have to capture a bomb and its plans and return to base. The game is
spoiled a bit by being totally illogical at times and it's a fair bet that
you will need a help sheet, if only to find out what to do with the gas
mask, against this at £4.95 it's good value.


For all you golfers out there Salamander do a nice line in golf
simulations, it's called 'Golf' (oh well). Having seen Dragon Data's
offering (in M/C) it's streets ahead and all in BASIC too. The action takes
place in Hi-Res and the choice of clubs is quite good, I have never played
Golf for real but this programme has given me a taste for it. Recommended
at £3.95.


There are loads of flight simulators on the market for the Dragon (one
day I'll do a whole corner on them), but 'Nightflight' isn't one of the
good ones. The programme takes place on the text screen. The differing
conntrols are quite extensive but I don't enjoy looking at the view which
is, I feel, one of the most important things in a simulator. For £3.95,
defiitely so-so.


'Cricklewood Incident' is not mentioned in the new prices, and I've
never played it anyway so you takes yer chances on that fellow sleuths!


I didn't know wjether to include 'Wizard War' because it is not
strictly a simulation, (do you know any wizards apart from Dalgleish and
Hoddle?) but it is strategy so I'll stretch a point. Having written all
that I think it is rubbish. It's very much a love'm or hate'm like Shards
'Empire' (I don't like that either) but an advantage is that all the family
can play, as long as there's no more than nine! At £3.95 maybe, but £4.95
-well it does come in a big box.


Bob Laughton wrote in asking for help in Shenanigans, his problem is
trying to get past the muggers, from other people I have spoken to this
seems to be a common sticking point. The answer is to find out what is in
your mail and then 'show' it to the offenders, if you can't get into your
box try to think of where room numbers are found -it is so logical that it
takes some to work it out!

<CENTER>
<H3>
SECURITY ROUTINE
</H3>
by Kyffin Jones
</CENTER>

This is a routine to give security to your programmes and stop them being
ripped off! To use it effectively you must couple it with an autorun
routine for the programme, a suitable one is given in the July edition of
'Dragon User' although you will need to relocate the code in one or another
of the routines as they try to use the same memory space.


The programme works by changing the meanings of various commands, (for
example POKE to TRON) hence line 13 of the programme. It is essential that
you save a copy of the programme before it is run.

<PRE>
1 POKE 65305,0 : POKE 113,55
2 POKE 411,228 : POKE 412, 203 : POKE 413,4 : POKE 414, 237 :
POKE 415,228 : POKE 410,2353
3 CLEAR 200, 32620
4 A = PEEK(291) * 256 + PEEK(292)
5 For I = 0 to 117 : POKE 32650 + I, PEEK(A+I) : NEXT
6 POKE 32688,134 : POKE 32689,22
7 POKE 32692,157 : POKE 32693,97
8 POKE 32700,182 : POKE 32701,131
9 POKE 32702,157 : POKE 32703,97
10 POKE 32708,157 : POKE 32709,97
11 POKE 32726,142 : POKE 32727,170
12 POKE 32728,157 : POKE 32729,97
l3 POKE 32730,142 : POKE 32731,157
14 POKE 32732,153 : POKE 32733,101
l5 FOR I=0 to 6 : READ A$ : POKE 32621+I,VAL("&H"+A$) : NEXT
16 DATA 8E,7F,8A,BF,01,23,39
l7 EXEC 32621
18 TRON 65305,20
19 ' REST OF PROGRAMME
</PRE>

Notes. Line l disables the keyboard and causes a cold start on reset, line
2 disables the BREAK key, 3 sets the RAM-top, 4&5 copy the reserved word
list into RAM, 6-14 change around the reserve words, 15 diverts the
execution of commands to the altered reserve word list, l7 executes the
diversion, 18 re-enables the keyboard.


To use the security routine:

<PRE>
a CLOAD "SECURITY"
b POKE 180, PEEK(25) " POKE 181, PEEK(26)
c POKE 25, PEEK(27) : POKE 26, PEEK(28)-2
d CLOAD "PROGARAM"
e RENUM 20
f POKE 25, PEEK(180) : POKE 26, PEEK(181)
g CSAVE "PROGRAM2"
</PRE>

This should now give you a saved 'version2' of your programme on file with
the security routine at the beginning of it.

<CENTER>
<H3>
PIXEL PARK
</H3>
</CENTER>
Crazy Painter from Microdeal

Well done Microdeal! I liked this game a lot. You have a choice of colour
screens, joystick or keyboard control and many different levels of play.
The object of the game is to paint the floor with your brush which
continually runs out of paint. You have a can at the bottom left of the
screen with which to refill it, however to stop all this excitement all
sorts of little nasties from dogs to caterpillars run across the floor
wiping out your handywork as you go. As you carry on through the level of
play, paint gets in shorter supply and it's even known for one or two the
nasties to nick your brush!

<PRE>
Entertainment value 70%
Graphics 70%
Sound 80%
Presentation 75%
</PRE>
I can recommmend this one for the non-zappers of this world.
 
Gerald Hale
 
Chuckie Egg by A&F Software

I must admit I am not, nor have ever been, an arcade fan, that's one of the
reasons why I am never any good at them. That said 'Chuckie Egg' is one of
my favourite programmes, why I don't know -maybe it's the sheer lunacy of
the plot where you have to go around picking up eggs and hiding them from
hens, or maybe it's because there are ten different screens -I'd better
outline the game so that you won't think I'm too mad.


You are farmer trying to pick up the eggs lying around the hen house.
There just happen to be various obstacles in the way; these include those
infuriating hens, moving lifts, and gaping holes in the floor. After screen
ten a mad flying duck starts to chase after you. Mind you as yet I haven't
got this far although my next door neighbour has - I tell you it's panic
stations when that duck takes off!


It all happens in PMODE 3,1 Screen 1,0. I personally find this the best
colour scheme that is available. Instructions are in PMODE4. This is, in
itself, a nice touch in that you don't meet the text screen at any stage,
it gives the programme an air of proffessionalism. The graphics are very
good; the farmmer has four positions and the hens three.


Control is via the keyboard and this is really my only complaint, the
programe wwill accept up to four players but you have to move your Dragon
around, this is a bit annoying -especially withn a loose transformer plug!
The keys can be redefined but I found the four arrow keys and the spacebar
(for jumping) the best layout. Movement of the characters is smooth and
very quick, the only time you get flicker is when the farmer is right at
the top.


Screen seven is the one that I always get stuck on and trying to time
the jump onto the lifts is murder.


If 'Chukie Egg' doesn't become a classic with Dragon owners then there
just ain't no justice in this world, great value at £7.90.

Neil Scrimgeour
 
Drone Datatank by Cable Software

Send the wife away for the weekend for this one. This simulation game is
well presented with a clear instruction booklet and a card to place over
the Dragon keyboard to assist you in playing, but you will need to spend a
lot of time mastering the rules of the game before you start. I haven't
space to outline all the bits of this one -but if like simulations then
you'll enjoy this one. Frankly I am not too keeN on these long drawn out
affairs, but then I haven't managed to send the wife away, any offers?

<PRE>
Entertainment value 65%
Graphics 60%
Presentation 75%
</PRE>
Recommended for eggheads!
 
Gerald Hale
<CENTER>
<H3>
REDUNDANT INFORMATION
</H3>
</CENTER>

First a warning -whilst all these codes work on some Dragons it is unlikely
they will on all, and may well crash the machine- so take care.


POKE 65301/3/5/7/9,0 disables the keyboard, POKE a value of 20 to re
enable.
POKE 65495,0 doubles speed of processor
POKE 65494,0 returns it to normal
POKE 113,55 causes a cold start on reset.
thanks to A. Kyffin Jones.

<CENTER>
<H3>
LETTERS
</H3>
</CENTER>

All power to your elbow in starting the User Group, let's hope it lasts
longer than Dragon world!! I hope that as a Group it will be able to speak
for Dragon Owners and bring pressure to bear on whoever needs to know.


I am disappointed at the lack of support in terms of software in
comparison to inferior machines, particularly the BBC and Spectrum,
especially in terms of business programmes. What software there is is far
less good than that available to BBC and Spectrums.........SHAME!!!....I
will be happy to review any of the business or other programs that I have.

Anne Milstead
 
(We hope to have a review of Anne's in a later issue.)

Next comes a letter from the 6809E Dragon Users Computer Club, the Dutch
Section.


Subject MC6847 and Extended Basic(EB)


What we really need in uprating the performace of thne Dragon 32 &64 is a
VDG Romchip that contains all the upper and lower case characters and
symbols and self to define colour sprites, plus a text screen that is not
32 by 16 but 80 by 25, so that you can use an assembler like ALLDREAM and
further software in really worthwhile application modes.


I mean normally a printer has 80 columns so why does not my textscreen?
Especially when the chip has all the possibilities, so it is to me a
complete riddle why they, DD, adapt the EB and uprate the VDG dispay. Put
the EB on top of RAM and not in the middle and e.g. on cassette.
(Independant Programming).


When you put a new home computer on the market you have to have a
forsight of things to come, so your product has some built in features
which lasts and do not crack when newcomers arrive (Spectrum, Electron,
Atmos, HTX, MSX &c.).


I have written letters to DD and Dragon User about this only DD gave me
good wishes and asked me if I will support the product, Dragon user so far
gave no sign of responce.


Now when you ar a BASIC user or a newcomer to the world of computer
programming you are now really left in the dark about graphics
possibilities. Atari claims it has 11 graphics modes in the xxx/800 XL
series, but the 32 & 64 has 14! Only when you are dabbling in M/C you are
able to use all these modes, now only 7 in BASIC.


On the other hand we are fortunate by Commodore standards, they nearly
have to POKE the brains out of their machines!


Gladly I like to have your response on this item and do thank the both
of you for putting me a heartunder the belt for continuing the support of
all Dragon owners, for the 6809E is the M/C microprocessor right now and
not the Z-80's.

 
Maarten Van Wamelen.
 
Lastly we have Neil sticking his oar in and stirring it about.

Just before christmas Oasis Software brought out their Sprint compiler and
it seemed to be the answer to all Dragon owners prayers. There were
virtually no books at the time on how to write 6809 machine code and so it
seemed that Oasis were onto a good thing.


I hurridly sent off my £14.95 and back came my saviour of machine code
routines. The actual program itself is quite good although it does take a
long time to compile and there are some limitations. However a friend and I
got together to write some programs that could be compiled we intended to
release them onto the unsuspecting world.


But we became very disappointed when we were told that Oasis wanted
£200 royalty for each program. Now this was never mentioned in the
instruction book (well I can't find it). Mind you it was their program we
were using so we understood. Unfortunately we didn't have œ600 so our idea
was shelved.


Six months later Oasis brought out 'White Lightening' for the Spectrum
which was copyright cleared! Now come on chaps, we Dragon owners helped you
to get started so come on and help us. Contrary to belief not all of us can
write hex 8 hours a day.

Neil Scimgeour
<CENTER>
<H3>
DRAGON ADVENTURES
</H3>
by Pauline Hampson
</CENTER>

Here are my recommendations for all budding adventurers. Please try to start
with a fairly simple adventure so you do not get put off as I was by
'Madness and the Minatour'.


I do hope that you will find copies of the games in the shops. At
present all Dragon software seems to have miraculously disappeared, finding
any could be an adventure in itself.


Start with 'Dragon Mountain' a straight forward adventure with few
traps or tricks in an underground location. From here you can progress to
'Jerusalem' or 'Williamsberg Adventure'. These are fairly short but take
some thinking about.


The next group of adventures which I really enjoyed are the Franklyn
trilogy. These comprise 'Franklyns Tomb', 'Lost in Space' and 'Fishy
Busines'. At present Salamander are offering them at a discount so you
could be in for a real treat. The first two games are written in BASIC and
the third in machine code which gives a slightly faster response. I mention
this because I hear that some unscrupulous people actually examine the
BASIC listings!! (well I got stuck -ed.) The adventures all come with a
booklet showing each location as a picture. All these games were really
good and most thought provoking I sincerely hope that one day Salamander
will produce the long awaited sequel.


The next two adventures include pictures of locations on the screen,
with text underneath. I am not strictly fond of graphics in adventure
games but 'Sea Quest' ad 'Shenanigans' are really quite interesting. Make
sure you look at the pictures!! 'Sea Quest' involves finding treasures,
going diving, sailing a boat and using a metal detector. 'Shenanigans' at
first seemed very dismal starting in an apartment, including streets and
muggers. Keep going and it transforms into a good game which (sorry Neil
Scrimgeour) I think is quite difficult, you end on a rainbow.


I can also recommend 'Calixto island' and 'Black Sanctum' which I
understand now have graphics for Dragon 64 owners. I enjoyed the text
versions. 'Black Sanctum' delves into spells and black magic and takes
place in an old monastry type building.


My favourite selection and also the hardest is 'El Diabolero' it really
is the best game I have ever played. Its scenario is a desert with a
canyon. There are lots of very similar locations in the game so good
mapping is essential. Please try it, I can also help out.


'Keys of the Wizard' is also a good game but not in the same style aS
most of my favourite games. You have to use weapons and fight your enemies.
The object of the game is to deposit treasures into the Sanctuary (if you
can find it) to try to obtain a maximum score. You could ignore the enemies
if you wanted and run away, but each holds a tresure. The locations of the
game are endless with 3 main 'floors' each of 64 locations and 3 mazes.
There are also one way passages to contend with and it can be difficult to
go from one part to another until you find your way around. You really
wikll need a map. Typing quickly can also help because you only have a
limited time to type "BASH ORC" &c. And then he gets his turn!


Can I make a special plea to anyone who has played this adventure. I
would like to mention any tricks or tips which you have discovered. Has
anyone found a use for the spade? Who can open all chests and boxes? Where
are the ballroom and kitchen? Is there a room between the empty chamber and
the statue room south of the chapel? Can you kill the unicorn? The game
raises so many fascinating questions.


I recently obtained a price list from Microdeal and noticed that they
were now selling Dragon Dungeon software from £1.99. At this price try
'Crystal Chalice' and 'Temple of Zoren' which are interesting but slightly
different adventures and worth every penny. Try all the directions and not
just the ones stated!


Well I hope you will all go off and have some fun, I'll just go and
CLOAD "Keys of the Wizard", I've got an hour before tea.

<CENTER>
<H3>
CLASSIFIED
</H3>
</CENTER>

Paul wants to swap one mint condition Salamander DRS system for any good
accounting program. He is also willing to pay for any Bent, Burnt or
Buggered (his wording) Dragon Hardware that he can use for spares, so if
you have a defunct Dragon give him a ring.


For Sale:- Realistic CTR-57 Cassette Recorder with remote........£10
Book -Dragon Extravaganza, 50 programmes for the Dragon by Roger Valentine
£3. Both from Mr. Gerald Hale on Crawley 36413.

<CENTER>
<H3>
CLUBNET
</H3>
</CENTER>

Firstly an apology to Ashley Adamson of the Romsey area Dragon Users Group
whose name I managed to get wrong in the last edition, sorry Ashley. The
Romsey group meets every weekend and holds occaisional trips out to
exhibitions &c. In addition they publish a fortnightly newsletter and
membership is just one pound p.a., can't be bad. Anyone in the are should
contact Ashley at St. Elmo, Slab Lane, West Wellow, Romsey, Hants, S05 8RG.
And now for the rest.

<PRE>
For M/C addicts try the W.S. Files Sussex group can be found:
6809 Users Group, c/o Multisoft Systems
c/o Paul Hills St. Martins
28 Woburn Road, Orchard Road
Launceston, Dexhill-on-Sea
Cornwall Sussex.
PL15 7HH.
</PRE>
The N. Down Microcomputer Users Group, ring Eddie Doak on 0247 450902
<PRE>
Sheffield Dragon Users Group, In Peterborough and district try:
c/o R. Crampton, Mr. A. Fairchild,
131 Herringthorpe Valley Road, 53 Myrtle Avenue,
Rotherham, Peterborough,
S. Yorks, PE1 4LR.
S65 3RU
</PRE>
<CENTER>
<H3>
LETTER FROM THE CHAIRMAN
</H3>
</CENTER>

From the replies we've received it appears that most of you think that
we're making a good start with the Group Newsletter, and although this
months issue may not have grown much we hope that by the time the next one
is published things will have improved in both size and quality, although
please don't forget that most of the contents depend on YOU. There is,
however, one small snag.....MONEY!!


I know that most of you have sent in your forms, and paid up, but a few
seem to imagine that all they need to do is wait for the next 'free issue'
to arrive. Sorry, but I have to inform you that as of now, there won't be
any more free handouts!


It's not that we're mean, it's simply that it would be most unfair on
the paying members if we were to use their subscriptions to subsidise
freeloaders. You wanted this group, and we've done our best to get it
started; we want to build this group into something big enough and good
enough to be of REAL use to all of you, so please, give us the chance to do
so.


Just in case anyone out there thinks that Jeremy Hoyland or I are
living in luxury on the proceeds, I regret (I really do!!!) that like our
contributors and reviewers, we're not getting paid at all, and all money
received goes towards covering legitimate expenses such as phone calls,
postage, printing &c.


In the unlikely event of a cash surplus at any time, we'll publish the
figures and ask for your views on how the money should be used. Here endeth
the Financial Times!


Thank you for all your help and support. Don't forget that we need more
'recruits' and more material for publication, whether it's reviews,
letters, problems, general articles, complaints, or anything else you'd
like to see in print....(the laws relating to libel and obscene publication
permitting!!).

 
Paul G.
<CENTER>
<H3>
APPLICATION FORM
</H3>
for membership of the Dragon Users Group.
</CENTER>
Name:
 
Address:
 
 
 
 
Age:
 
Telephone Number:
 
 
Machine (32, 64, Proffessional):
 
Peripherals (Joysticks, Disc Drives, Printers &c.):
 
Interests (Games, Business, Experimental):
 
If you play games do you prefer arcade or adventure games:
 
Please name some that you own:
 
 
If you use business software (eg Word Processing)
please name it:
 
 
Do you have any other languages or assembler:
 
Which:
 
 
If you have any comments upon the club or the Newsletter, or you
have any problems with hardware or software please use the space
below to outline them.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
If you wish to join the Dragon User Group please send a cheque
or postal order for £7.50 payable to the Dragon User Group to
Paul Grade, 6 Navarino Road, Worthing, Sussex.
 
Finally if you know anyone else who would like to join, please
include their name and address on this form.
 
 

[[Category:Magazines]] [[Category:Update_Issue]]

Update Issue 1 (Sep)

2014-09-02T07:18:02Z

Jedie: Category:Magazines Category:Update_Issue

<CENTER>
<H2>
NEWSLETTER OF THE DRAGON USERS GROUP
</H2>
</CENTER>
 
Issue 1
 
<PRE>
Chairman Paul Grade, Editor Jeremy Hoyland,
6 Navarino Road, 17 Oxford Road,
Worthing, Frinton-on-Sea,
Sussex, Essex, CO13 9HX
Te1 207585. Te1 3551.
</PRE>

Welcome to the first edition of our newsletter. As you can see it lacks an
inspired title. I favoured Dragons Song, but it seems that Ann MacCaffery
devotees are rare amongst our correspondants. This leads me to the first
announcement of this piece, a poll for the name of the newsletter, send
your suggestions on the back of a completed membership form, and whichever
name gets the most votes will be it.


The users group is being formed due to the demise of both Dragons Teeth
and Dragon Data. Our beloved box of tricks is now in the hands of the
perfidious spanish and it was thought that some sort of voice was needed to
promote our interests and exchange information. Which brings me to the main
message of this editorial, any club -and especially a national one- can
only survive with a large and active membership. THIS MEANS YOU, so if you
have any problems, opinions, comments or contributions write in, also if
you know anyone with a Dragon show them this and persuade them to join up,
in short go forth and multiply. Subscription for this year is set at £7.50,
this may seem a bit steep but with the club relatively small costs are
high, however next year we hope to be able to drop the price.


There has been some interest expressed in networking either by modem or
RTTY, if anyone has views on this, or already posseses the equipment, let
me know and I'll pass it on. That's enough from me, at least wearing this
hat, so remember from here on in it's down to you.

<CENTER>
<H3>
A PRINTER FOR TWENTY POUNDS
</H3>
by Peter Willis
</CENTER>

If only a way could be found to interface a printer to your Dragon without
spending £200. There is a top quality printer, produced originally for a
very large company, which is readily available second hand for £10-£20. The
machine in question is a Telex terminal or Teleprinter.


Of course it is not just a matter of buying a Teleprinter and plugging
it into the printer port of the Dragon. Indeed, at first glance, it is no
use at all. Teleprinters do not understand Ascii code and they demand
signal letters of plus and minus 80 volts. In addition they have a limited
type font with no $, *, # etc. However, there are ways round most of these
problems and the few that remain are amply compensated by the attractive
cost.


Let's look at the problems one at a time. The Dragon, like most
computers, puts its characters out to the printer in 8 bit Ascii code
whereas Teleprinters only understand a 5 bit code known as Murray or
Baudot. This can be overcome by translating the characters in suitable
software.


The next problem is that the Dragon printer port is parallel whilst the
Teleprinter needs its data in serial form and at the re1atively slow baud
rate of 50. This could also be dealt with in software, or as a hardware
solution, using a handy IC chip called a UART.(Universal Asynchronous
Receiver Transmitter) This is specially designed to translate parallel data
into serial format and can be clocked to provide the correct baud rate.


So now we have serial code at the right speed and in a suitable format
but its signal is at TTL levels where 'space' is represented by about 0.3v
and 'mark' by 4.5v. We need to convert this to -80 for 'space' and +80 for
'mark'. Fortunately Teleprinters come with a control unit which also has a
very good power supply. This can be tapped using a transistor switching
board or high speed relays.


The remaining problem is missing characters. There are three approaches
that can be taken. You cou1d print a space and then write the character in
later; or a different character can be printed which is similar to the
missing one (L in p1ace of £ for instance); or you can overprint two of the
available characters (S and / to give $).


If this has whetted your appetite watch this space for further articles
giving more detai1s of the software and hardware needed to get the budget
printer into operation.
 
<CENTER>
<H3>
CLUBNET
</H3>
</CENTER>

This spot is for the local clubs and users groups that are scattered about
the country, at present the idea is that it will contain a list of
addresses so you can be contacted by prospective members, and I hope that
you will also treat it as a bill board to publisise meetings, events, ideas
and opinions.


We are also considering some form of membership deal for clubs, either
as an affiliate fee for the club, or as reductions for club members and
would like to hear your opinions. Finally if anyone is interested in
starting up a loca1 club we will give whatever help we can; including space
in these pages and putting him in touch with nearby Dragon users.

So here are the addresses of the first three clubs to contact us:
<PRE>
Sheffield Dragon Users Group, N. Down Microcomputer Users Group,
c/o Mr. R. Crompton, c/o E.S. Doak,
131 Harringthorpe Valley Road, 1 Meadowville Crescent,
Rotherham, Bangor,
S. Yorks, Co. Down,
S65 3RU. BT19 1HQ.

Also W.S. File runs a local users A late entry was the Romsey Area
group in Sussex and he can be found Dragon Users Group and they can
c/o Mu1tisoft Systems, reached via their chairman:
St. Martins, Orchard Road, Mr. Ashley Anderson,
Bexhill-on-Sea, St. E1mo, Slab Lane,
Sussex. West Wellow, Romsey,
Hants,
SO5 8RG.
</PRE>
<CENTER>
<H3>
REDUNDANT INFORMATION DEPARTMENT
</H3>
</CENTER>

(or things you wou1d have liked to have known but the book didn't tell you.)


Yes I KNOW you're all expert programmers who know every POKE on the
machine, write a couple of Mb of hex before breakfast, and converse only in
assembler. It is just possible however, that somewhere out there exists
someone who isn't quite up to your standard of genius, (me -ed), and if
this is the case, then it's possible also that this deprived person might
find a few of the POKES and EXECS that you no longer bother with, quite
useful. If you'd like to pass on any of your BASIC knowledge, please feel
free to do so...(you tell us and we'll pass it on!), but meanwhile, someone
might find a use for the following:

<PRE>
EXEC 46080 COLD RESTART CONDITION
EXEC 41194 WAIT FOR NEXT KEYPRESS
POKE 359,60 SLOW SCROLL, RESET WITH POKE 359,57
POKE 329,0 LOWER CASE, RESET WITH POKE 329,255
POKE 383,157 THEN POKE 383,158, WILL STOP LIST FROM WORKING< RESET WITH
POKE 383,126.
POKE 111,254:DIR DUMPS DISC DIRECTORY TO PRINTER

CLOADM "PROGRAM"
PRINT PEEK(487)*256+PEEK(488) GIVES ADDRESSES TO COPY NON-
PRINT PEEK(126)*256+PEEK(127)-1 AUTORUN M/C PROGRAMMES.
PRINTPEEK(157)*256+PEEK(158)
THEN TYPE CSAVEM"PROG NAME",FIRST NO.,SECOND NO.,THIRD NO
</PRE>
<CENTER>
<H3>
ASCI CORNER
</H3>
 
by Neil Scrimgeour
</CENTER>

Welcome, Readers, to ASCI (Adventures, Simu1ations, Conumdrums, Inc.)
Corner. The object of this Corner is to review past and current adventures
and simulations, and to offer help and advice to other ASCIers.


The one thing that we need more than anything else is input from YOU,
fellow keyboard bashers, the programs that you like, or don't, as the case
may be, and of course information.


There's always someone out there who is stuck at some point, (which
you, being an Adventure Genius, have long since passed!), and who is
seriously giving thought to testing the aerodynamic qualities of his Dragon
(Not recommended as it takes off well but lands disasterously.).


This month, there being no questions I don't have to work very hard
finding answers! So let's get down to the serious business of reviews.


I have just received one of Channel 8's adventures. Yes, contrary to
popular belief, they can be found! The example that fell into my mucky paws
was Feasibility Experiment. The plot is as follows:


There is a race of beings who have no life form as such (no not
politicians!), and they are searching for a bodily life form that will suit
their needs. You have been captured by them, to be one of their 'guinea
pigs', and in order to survive, you must complete a quest by conquering the
obligatory monsters etc., in the maze of locations into which you have been
dumped. There's also something(??) to do with the legend of Alexander the
Great, (you come across the odd lion or two!).


The actual screen layout uses PMODE 4, in white on black. The top third
of the screen is for descriptions, or if you have a 64, graphics. Only
possessing a 32 I can't comment on the quality of the graphics, but the
descriptions do convey a certain amount of atmosphere. The remainder of the
screen is for communication using the standard Verb-Noun combinations.

The game itself is not easy, and sometimes rather illogical. At one
stage you have to dig up a room but it gives you no clue as to which one,
so you spend precious time searching for the correct room. This brings me
to the second point, you are allocated a limited number of moves, about
700, and at times this becomes irritating to say the very least! I much
prefer to wander about and experiment which, of course, I can't do in this
game.


Apart from these gripes, and the fact that I managed to crash the
programme, it is reasonable value for anyone wanting a challange. Mind you
it isn't cheap at ten pounds, but then what Dragon programme is?


I've just got space to mention two other programmes; Dragon Datas
'Shenanigans' and 'Cricket' by Peaksoft. If you are looking for a pleasant,
easy adventure, then buy Shenanigans, if you can find it! Although it only
took me a few hours to so1ve, it was extremely enjoyab1e. A good one for
first time adventurers.

Cricket is the best simulation I have seen for the Dragon. All the
action, apart from the scoreboard, takes place in PMODES 3 and 4, Nearly
everything is taken into account, batsmens skills, bowlers, varying amount
of movement, spin &c, not to mention luck! There is so much more but I
don't have space to mention it here. It's a must for cricket fans. See if
you can do better than England! (That shou1dn't be difficult!). By the way
joysticks are required.


Don't forget to send in your questions, and information, and let me
know about any program you'd like to see reviewed.

<CENTER>
<H3>
STRING SEARCHER by N. Edmunds.
</H3>
</CENTER>

This short machine code routine can be loaded anywhere in memory, but you
must use the CLEAR command before loading. What it does is quite simple, it
searches the current programe in memory for a specified character string
and prints the line numbers where it occurs.


To use it type DEF USR0=start address, A$ = "string to search for" and
to activate type A=USR0(VARPTR[A$]). To send a list of 1ine numbers to the
printer type:- POKE&H6F,254:A=USR(VARPTR[A$]).

Hex loader and dump:
<PRE>
0 'IF NO ASSEMBLER USE THIS
10 'HEX LOADER
20 FOR L=&HH7F78 TO &HH7FF7 'LOOP
30 READ A$:A=VAL("&H"+A$)
40 CS=CS+A:POKE L,A:NEXT L'AGAIN
50 IF CS<>119l9 THEN PRINT "DATA ERROR":STOP:ELSE PRINT "OK-SAVE":ED
60 'PLACE HEX DATA FROM HERE ON
70 DATA BD,83,2D....&c.

BD 8B 2D 1F O1 A6 84 A7 8D 00 79 10 AE 02 10 AF 8D 00
6D 10 9E l9 A6 9D 00 66 AE A4 AF 8D 00 65 AE 22 AF 8D
00 5C 3l 24 A1 A0 27 0B l0 AC 8D 00 54 24 46 8D 31 20
F1 E6 8D 00 49 5A AE 8D 00 40 30 01 A6 80 A1 AO 26 13
5A 26 F7 34 20 EC 8D 00 3l BD 95 7A 86 0D BD 85 4A 35
20 8D 09 10 AC 8D 00 23 24 15 20 C2 C6 02 6D AO 26 08
5A 26 F9 32 62 7E 8C 37 A6 9D 00 08 39 10 AE 8D 00 07
20 96 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
</PRE>
When ok use DEF USR0=&H7F78

An assemly listing is available for anyone who wants it from the editor,
please send an sae.

<CENTER>
<H3>
AN OPEN LETTER FROM THE CHAIRMAN
</H3>
</CENTER>

Well we're here, in print (more or less!), but before we start
congratulating ourselves, perhaps it would be as well to get a few things
straight.


If you were sent this copy, i.e. you didn't borrow it, nick it, or find
it on a nail behnind the loo door, then you are one of the Dragon owners
who wanted a Users Group enough to write in and take the trouble to say so.
Thank you. Some of you have gone to a lot of troub1e to get this copy out,
and to you even more thanks. But we need more, a LOT more, if this Group is
going to exist long enough to make a second edition!


Quite simply keeping a group running isn't a matter of sending off a
subscription (please do -ed)and sitting back and reading what someone else
has written. All of you must know someone other than yourse1f who owns a
Dragon and WE NEED THAT SOMEONE.


If you want a really functional Group, one that can provide you with
news, reviews, help you with Dragon Problems, a Group that can he1p you to
exchange views information and anything else you wish, then it is
absolutely essential to have the highest possib1e membership. It's all a
matter of economics; unless you are all te1epaths we need a newsletter, and
to produce even the most basic one costs money, which I, (and I assume most
of you), don't have.


To produce such a basic Newsletter, collect material, (p1us such items
as phone costs and postage &c), printing and distribution, wou1d cost £1.80
per copy if our group numbered less than 100, which would be ridiculous and
quite impractical. Add a zero to that figure and cost percopy would drop to
around 60p, a far more viable figure. Make the membership 2000 and cost
drops to its lowest possible figure of 40p per copy. This would mean that
we cou1d not only reduce subscription rates, but provide a far better
service, not to mention a top quality newsletter.


A few of us have tried to get this started at our own expense. It may
not look much, and this edition certainly doesn't cover half the things
we'd like it to, it's not even a proper printing job. Whether this is the
first edition or the last depends entirely on YOU. If you can recruit
enough additional members then we could have the best Users Group in the
business, which is what the old Dragon deserves, and I'll look forward to
hearing from you in the second edition. If not then we'll just have to
refund your subscriptions, and say it's been a pleasure knowing you,
however briefly. I've done what I can to get things rolling, but now it's
up to you to find enough members to keep 'em going. Good Luck. I hope you
succeed. Thank you for all your help and encouragement.

Paul Grade.
 
<CENTER>
<H3>
DRAGON ADVENTURES by Pauline Hampson.
</H3>
</CENTER>

I hope to encourage you to play and enjoy adventures. In an adventure you
have to complete a task. You may even have to discover the task for
yourself. Most good adventures are the mainly text only type, I find the
sort thayt you play on a grid, where you encounter various foes, boring and
frustrating.


Here are a few tips for anyone attempting a text adventure. It is
essential to make a map on a piece of paper. When this is done you can rush
around to each location with ease. I always make my map first, exploring
each location and seeing what happens if you go North, South, East or West.
Often you are given available directions but in some games they may forget
to mention them. Here is an example of a simple map:-

<PRE>
|
dead end - passage- circular-
| |
junction
|
crystal cave
</PRE>

In some adventures (Dragon Datas) reading the description of your
location is essential. You may not be able to go N,S.E,W but must "GO PATH"
if a path is mentioned. You may also find it helpfull to write on your map
which objects are where. Some games have a use foe every object but in
others objects may be red herrings (try Salamander). Examine each object
because this description often provides vital clues. Try picking them up,
there may be something underneath, or "Look under" may work. There is often
a limit to the number of objects you can carry, forcing you to drop one to
get another. Typing inventory will give a list of what you are carrying.


There will usually be several levels to an adventure game often
connected by stairs. The Franklyn trilogy has 2 very novel ways of changing
floors. In the course of the game you are bound to encounter doors which
must be unlocked by a hidden key or magic word.


You will rarely play a game which does not include a maze. It may not
be called this but is the sort of place where going N,S.E or W you end up
in a similar sounding place. For example Dragon Datas' Seaquest has a
meadow and El Diabolero an endless desert - or is it? Mazes always contain
usefull items and once they are mapped present no problem. Always enter a
maze with lots of objects on your person. Drop an object now and then to
see what happens when you go N,S,E or W. You will then see if you have
moved or not. The maze will always have a limit to it. Explore it to its
limits. Here is an example of a maze map:-

<PRE>
[flashlight] token] The [] mean you don't go
| | anywhere trying to move
wallett-------------cup] in that direction.
</PRE>

Occaisionally mazes seem most illogical. Just ignore this and draw an
arrow round to wherever you end up, even if it is odd. Going East can end
you up somewhere North West of where you were, but these events are rare.
Sometimes when this sort of thing happens it is better to give up the map
and reort to a table, negotiating with this. I had to do this in Franklins
Tomb. Here is an example of a table:

<PRE>
N S E W Up Down
Sword dog dog sword sword sword sword
Slimy dog sword carrott carrott dog dog dog
Carrott dog sword sword dog sword carrott
</PRE>

If your game has a game save facility use this frequently. It saves you
having to start again as you are bound to be killed occasionally


With your map done you can start your adventure and hopefully you will
solve it. If frustration becomes too great the manufacturers will often
provide a help sheet. While on the subject can anyone help me to find the
final treasure in 'Keys of the Wizard' because even Microdeal can't do it.


I find adventures a real challange. Unfortunately I also tend to burn
the tea when playing so I advise you to switch off the computer when
cooking. Next time I hope to recomend some of my favourites and include a
few tips and answer queries which you, the reader, will provide. Happy
Adventuring.

<CENTER>
<H3>
LETTERS
</H3>
</CENTER>

This One is in reply to the original PCW letter of Paul.


Dear Sir,


I am writing in reply to your letter as publishned in Popular
Computing Weekly vol 3 no. 26.


Multisoft Systems began life in l982 by producing software for the
Dragon 32, we have since moved on a bit but wish to offer continued support
for Dragon 32 and 64 computers As a result of our activities with the
Dragon we have built up many useful routines and peripherals eg. text and
hi-res screen dumps, RS-232 cards, speech synthesiser, MIDI interface and
many other useful utilities which have been included in our software at
various times


In addition to this we run a small local user group to which we make
available the above facilities. For a long time I have thought about
setting up a non commercial 'Dragon net' service and now that modems can be
obtained at reasonable cost perhaps this is the right time.


I hope that this information will be of interest to you and look
forward to hearing from you in the near future.


W.S. File, Multisoft Systems (see Clubnet).

<CENTER>
<H3>
PROBLEMS
</H3>
</CENTER>

Some of our members have been having trouble getting games to work, the
offenders are Nightfly, Lionheart and Dragbug, so if anyone can help write
in.

<CENTER>
<H3>
POSTSCRIPT
</H3>
</CENTER>

Well now everything's in and typed up -oh my aching finger it's time to
take stock. We could do with some contributions on arcade games for the
next issue, anything and everything will be welcome for 'Pixel Park'. On
the subject of contributions please send them to me, Jeremy Hoyland, at the
address on the heading.


We will take private adverts so long as they are not too long, for the
minimal charge of a second class stamp, please put it in the envelope with
your advert and to make a start here's one of mine: if anyone has a copy of
Smeed and Somerville's Inside the Dragon going I've got a cheque waiting to
come your way.


[[Category:Magazines]] [[Category:Update_Issue]]

Dragon User

2014-09-02T07:15:54Z

Jedie: Category:Magazines Category:Dragon_User

== Index ==
[[Media:DragonUserIndex.pdf|Dragon User Magazine Index (pdf file)]]

== 1983 ==

<gallery>
Image:DU1983-05.jpg|[http://archive.worldofdragon.org/archive/index.php?dir=Magazines/Dragon%20User/1983 May 83 - Issue 1]
Image:DU1983-06.jpg|[http://archive.worldofdragon.org/archive/index.php?dir=Magazines/Dragon%20User/1983 June 83 - Issue 2]
Image:DU1983-07.jpg|[http://archive.worldofdragon.org/archive/index.php?dir=Magazines/Dragon%20User/1983 July 83 - Issue 3]
Image:DU1983-08.jpg|[http://archive.worldofdragon.org/archive/index.php?dir=Magazines/Dragon%20User/1983 August 83 - Issue 4]
Image:DU1983-09.jpg|[http://archive.worldofdragon.org/archive/index.php?dir=Magazines/Dragon%20User/1983 September 83 - Issue 5]
Image:DU1983-10.jpg|[http://archive.worldofdragon.org/archive/index.php?dir=Magazines/Dragon%20User/1983 October 83 - Issue 6]
Image:DU1983-11.jpg|[http://archive.worldofdragon.org/archive/index.php?dir=Magazines/Dragon%20User/1983 November 83 - Issue 7]
Image:DU1983-12.jpg|[http://archive.worldofdragon.org/archive/index.php?dir=Magazines/Dragon%20User/1983 December 83 - Issue 8]
</gallery>

== 1984 ==

<gallery>
Image:DU1984-01.jpg|[http://archive.worldofdragon.org/archive/index.php?dir=Magazines/Dragon%20User/1984 January 84 - Issue 9]
Image:DU1984-02.jpg|[http://archive.worldofdragon.org/archive/index.php?dir=Magazines/Dragon%20User/1984 Febuary 84 - Issue 10]
Image:DU1984-03.jpg|[http://archive.worldofdragon.org/archive/index.php?dir=Magazines/Dragon%20User/1984 March 84 - Issue 11]
Image:DU1984-04.jpg|[http://archive.worldofdragon.org/archive/index.php?dir=Magazines/Dragon%20User/1984 April 84 - Issue 12]
Image:DU1984-05.jpg|[http://archive.worldofdragon.org/archive/index.php?dir=Magazines/Dragon%20User/1984 May 84 - Issue 13]
Image:DU1984-06.jpg|[http://archive.worldofdragon.org/archive/index.php?dir=Magazines/Dragon%20User/1984 June 84 - Issue 14]
Image:DU1984-07.jpg|[http://archive.worldofdragon.org/archive/index.php?dir=Magazines/Dragon%20User/1984 July 84 - Issue 15]
Image:DU1984-08.jpg|[http://archive.worldofdragon.org/archive/index.php?dir=Magazines/Dragon%20User/1984 August 84 - Issue 16]
Image:DU1984-09.jpg|[http://archive.worldofdragon.org/archive/index.php?dir=Magazines/Dragon%20User/1984 September 84 - Issue 17]
Image:DU1984-10.jpg|[http://archive.worldofdragon.org/archive/index.php?dir=Magazines/Dragon%20User/1984 October 84 - Issue 18]
Image:DU1984-11.jpg|[http://archive.worldofdragon.org/archive/index.php?dir=Magazines/Dragon%20User/1984 November 84 - Issue 19]
Image:DU1984-12.jpg|[http://archive.worldofdragon.org/archive/index.php?dir=Magazines/Dragon%20User/1984 December 84 - Issue 20]
</gallery>

== 1985 ==

<gallery>
Image:DU1985-01.jpg|[http://archive.worldofdragon.org/archive/index.php?dir=Magazines/Dragon%20User/1985 January 85 - Issue 21]
Image:DU1985-02.jpg|[http://archive.worldofdragon.org/archive/index.php?dir=Magazines/Dragon%20User/1985 Febuary 85 - Issue 22]
Image:DU1985-03.jpg|[http://archive.worldofdragon.org/archive/index.php?dir=Magazines/Dragon%20User/1985 March 85 - Issue 23]
Image:DU1985-04.jpg|[http://archive.worldofdragon.org/archive/index.php?dir=Magazines/Dragon%20User/1985 April 85 - Issue 24]
Image:DU1985-05.jpg|[http://archive.worldofdragon.org/archive/index.php?dir=Magazines/Dragon%20User/1985 May 85 - Issue 25]
Image:DU1985-06.jpg|[http://archive.worldofdragon.org/archive/index.php?dir=Magazines/Dragon%20User/1985 June 85 - Issue 26]
Image:DU1985-07.jpg|[http://archive.worldofdragon.org/archive/index.php?dir=Magazines/Dragon%20User/1985 July 85 - Issue 27]
Image:DU1985-08.jpg|[http://archive.worldofdragon.org/archive/index.php?dir=Magazines/Dragon%20User/1985 August 85 - Issue 28]
Image:DU1985-09.jpg|[http://archive.worldofdragon.org/archive/index.php?dir=Magazines/Dragon%20User/1985 September 85 - Issue 29]
Image:DU1985-10.jpg|[http://archive.worldofdragon.org/archive/index.php?dir=Magazines/Dragon%20User/1985 October 85 - Issue 30]
Image:DU1985-11.jpg|[http://archive.worldofdragon.org/archive/index.php?dir=Magazines/Dragon%20User/1985 November 85 - Issue 31]
Image:DU1985-12.jpg|[http://archive.worldofdragon.org/archive/index.php?dir=Magazines/Dragon%20User/1985 December 85 - Issue 32]
</gallery>

== 1986 ==

<gallery>
Image:DU1986-01.jpg|[http://archive.worldofdragon.org/archive/index.php?dir=Magazines/Dragon%20User/1986 January 86 - Issue 33]
Image:DU1986-02.jpg|[http://archive.worldofdragon.org/archive/index.php?dir=Magazines/Dragon%20User/1986 Febuary 86 - Issue 34]
Image:DU1986-03.jpg|[http://archive.worldofdragon.org/archive/index.php?dir=Magazines/Dragon%20User/1986 March 86 - Issue 35]
Image:DU1986-04.jpg|[http://archive.worldofdragon.org/archive/index.php?dir=Magazines/Dragon%20User/1986 April 86 - Issue 36]
Image:DU1986-05.jpg|[http://archive.worldofdragon.org/archive/index.php?dir=Magazines/Dragon%20User/1986 May 86 - Issue 37]
Image:DU1986-06.jpg|[http://archive.worldofdragon.org/archive/index.php?dir=Magazines/Dragon%20User/1986 June 86 - Issue 38]
Image:DU1986-07.jpg|[http://archive.worldofdragon.org/archive/index.php?dir=Magazines/Dragon%20User/1986 July 86 - Issue 39]
Image:DU1986-08.jpg|[http://archive.worldofdragon.org/archive/index.php?dir=Magazines/Dragon%20User/1986 August 86 - Issue 40]
Image:DU1986-09.jpg|[http://archive.worldofdragon.org/archive/index.php?dir=Magazines/Dragon%20User/1986 September 86 - Issue 41]
Image:DU1986-10.jpg|[http://archive.worldofdragon.org/archive/index.php?dir=Magazines/Dragon%20User/1986 October 86 - Issue 42]
Image:DU1986-11.jpg|[http://archive.worldofdragon.org/archive/index.php?dir=Magazines/Dragon%20User/1986 November 86 - Issue 43]
Image:DU1986-12.jpg|[http://archive.worldofdragon.org/archive/index.php?dir=Magazines/Dragon%20User/1986 December 86 - Issue 44]
</gallery>

== 1987 ==

<gallery>
Image:DU1987-01.jpg|[http://archive.worldofdragon.org/archive/index.php?dir=Magazines/Dragon%20User/1987 January 87 - Issue 45]
Image:DU1987-02.jpg|[http://archive.worldofdragon.org/archive/index.php?dir=Magazines/Dragon%20User/1987 Febuary 87 - Issue 46]
Image:DU1987-03.jpg|[http://archive.worldofdragon.org/archive/index.php?dir=Magazines/Dragon%20User/1987 March 87 - Issue 47]
Image:DU1987-04.jpg|[http://archive.worldofdragon.org/archive/index.php?dir=Magazines/Dragon%20User/1987 April 87 - Issue 48]
Image:DU1987-05.jpg|[http://archive.worldofdragon.org/archive/index.php?dir=Magazines/Dragon%20User/1987 May 87 - Issue 49]
Image:DU1987-06.jpg|[http://archive.worldofdragon.org/archive/index.php?dir=Magazines/Dragon%20User/1987 June 87 - Issue 50]
Image:DU1987-07.jpg|[http://archive.worldofdragon.org/archive/index.php?dir=Magazines/Dragon%20User/1987 July 87 - Issue 51]
Image:DU1987-08.jpg|[http://archive.worldofdragon.org/archive/index.php?dir=Magazines/Dragon%20User/1987 August 87 - Issue 52]
Image:DU1987-09.jpg|[http://archive.worldofdragon.org/archive/index.php?dir=Magazines/Dragon%20User/1987 September 87 - Issue 53]
Image:DU1987-10.jpg|[http://archive.worldofdragon.org/archive/index.php?dir=Magazines/Dragon%20User/1987 October 87 - Issue 54]
Image:DU1987-11.jpg|[http://archive.worldofdragon.org/archive/index.php?dir=Magazines/Dragon%20User/1987 November 87 - Issue 55]
Image:DU1987-12.jpg|[http://archive.worldofdragon.org/archive/index.php?dir=Magazines/Dragon%20User/1987 December 87 - Issue 56]
</gallery>

== 1988 ==

<gallery>
Image:DU1988-01.jpg|[http://archive.worldofdragon.org/archive/index.php?dir=Magazines/Dragon%20User/1988 January 88 - Issue 57]
Image:DU1988-02.jpg|[http://archive.worldofdragon.org/archive/index.php?dir=Magazines/Dragon%20User/1988 Febuary 88 - Issue 58]
Image:DU1988-03.jpg|[http://archive.worldofdragon.org/archive/index.php?dir=Magazines/Dragon%20User/1988 March 88 - Issue 59]
Image:DU1988-04.jpg|[http://archive.worldofdragon.org/archive/index.php?dir=Magazines/Dragon%20User/1988 April 88 - Issue 60]
Image:DU1988-05.jpg|[http://archive.worldofdragon.org/archive/index.php?dir=Magazines/Dragon%20User/1988 May 88 - Issue 61]
Image:DU1988-06.jpg|[http://archive.worldofdragon.org/archive/index.php?dir=Magazines/Dragon%20User/1988 June 88 - Issue 62]
Image:DU1988-07.jpg|[http://archive.worldofdragon.org/archive/index.php?dir=Magazines/Dragon%20User/1988 July 88 - Issue 63]
Image:DU1988-08.jpg|[http://archive.worldofdragon.org/archive/index.php?dir=Magazines/Dragon%20User/1988 August 88 - Issue 64]
Image:DU1988-09.jpg|[http://archive.worldofdragon.org/archive/index.php?dir=Magazines/Dragon%20User/1988 September 88 - Issue 65]
Image:DU1988-10.jpg|[http://archive.worldofdragon.org/archive/index.php?dir=Magazines/Dragon%20User/1988 October 88 - Issue 66]
Image:DU1988-11.jpg|[http://archive.worldofdragon.org/archive/index.php?dir=Magazines/Dragon%20User/1988 November 88 - Issue 67]
Image:DU1988-12.jpg|[http://archive.worldofdragon.org/archive/index.php?dir=Magazines/Dragon%20User/1988 December 88 - Issue 68]
</gallery>

== 1989 ==

<gallery>
Image:DU1989-01.jpg|[http://archive.worldofdragon.org/archive/index.php?dir=Magazines/Dragon%20User/1989 January 89 - Issue 69]
</gallery>

[[Category:Magazines]] [[Category:Dragon_User]]

Tokens

2014-08-27T10:19:44Z

Jedie: /* Links */

== Dragon 32 / CoCo tokens ==

(Generated with a Python script: https://github.com/jedie/DragonPy/blob/master/dragonlib/CoCo/basic_tokens.py )

* "CoCo A": - Tokens from Color BASIC 1.3
* "CoCo B": - Additional tokens from Extended Color BASIC 1.1 only
{| class="wikitable" style="font-family: monospace; background-color:#ffffcc;" cellpadding="10"
|-
! value
! Dragon
token
! CoCo A
token
! CoCo B
token

|-
| $80
| FOR
| FOR
|
|-
| $81
| GO
| GO
|
|-
| $82
| REM
| REM
|
|-
| $83
| '
| '
|
|-
| $84
| ELSE
| ELSE
|
|-
| $85
| IF
| IF
|
|-
| $86
| DATA
| DATA
|
|-
| $87
| PRINT
| PRINT
|
|-
| $88
| ON
| ON
|
|-
| $89
| INPUT
| INPUT
|
|-
| $8a
| END
| END
|
|-
| $8b
| NEXT
| NEXT
|
|-
| $8c
| DIM
| DIM
|
|-
| $8d
| READ
| READ
|
|-
| $8e
| LET
| RUN
|
|-
| $8f
| RUN
| RESTORE
|
|-
| $90
| RESTORE
| RETURN
|
|-
| $91
| RETURN
| STOP
|
|-
| $92
| STOP
| POKE
|
|-
| $93
| POKE
| CONT
|
|-
| $94
| CONT
| LIST
|
|-
| $95
| LIST
| CLEAR
|
|-
| $96
| CLEAR
| NEW
|
|-
| $97
| NEW
| CLOAD
|
|-
| $98
| DEF
| CSAVE
|
|-
| $99
| CLOAD
| OPEN
|
|-
| $9a
| CSAVE
| CLOSE
|
|-
| $9b
| OPEN
| LLIST
|
|-
| $9c
| CLOSE
| SET
|
|-
| $9d
| LLIST
| RESET
|
|-
| $9e
| SET
| CLS
|
|-
| $9f
| RESET
| MOTOR
|
|-
| $a0
| CLS
| SOUND
|
|-
| $a1
| MOTOR
| AUDIO
|
|-
| $a2
| SOUND
| EXEC
|
|-
| $a3
| AUDIO
| SKIPF
|
|-
| $a4
| EXEC
| TAB(
|
|-
| $a5
| SKIPF
| TO
|
|-
| $a6
| DEL
| SUB
|
|-
| $a7
| EDIT
| THEN
|
|-
| $a8
| TRON
| NOT
|
|-
| $a9
| TROFF
| STEP
|
|-
| $aa
| LINE
| OFF
|
|-
| $ab
| PCLS
| +
|
|-
| $ac
| PSET
| -
|
|-
| $ad
| PRESET
| *
|
|-
| $ae
| SCREEN
| /
|
|-
| $af
| PCLEAR
| ^
|
|-
| $b0
| COLOR
| AND
|
|-
| $b1
| CIRCLE
| OR
|
|-
| $b2
| PAINT
| >
|
|-
| $b3
| GET
| =
|
|-
| $b4
| PUT
| <
|
|-
| $b5
| DRAW
|
| DEL
|-
| $b6
| PCOPY
|
| EDIT
|-
| $b7
| PMODE
|
| TRON
|-
| $b8
| PLAY
|
| TROFF
|-
| $b9
| DLOAD
|
| DEF
|-
| $ba
| RENUM
|
| LET
|-
| $bb
| TAB(
|
| LINE
|-
| $bc
| TO
|
| PCLS
|-
| $bd
| SUB
|
| PSET
|-
| $be
| FN
|
| PRESET
|-
| $bf
| THEN
|
| SCREEN
|-
| $c0
| NOT
|
| PCLEAR
|-
| $c1
| STEP
|
| COLOR
|-
| $c2
| OFF
|
| CIRCLE
|-
| $c3
| +
|
| PAINT
|-
| $c4
| -
|
| GET
|-
| $c5
| *
|
| PUT
|-
| $c6
| /
|
| DRAW
|-
| $c7
| ^
|
| PCOPY
|-
| $c8
| AND
|
| PMODE
|-
| $c9
| OR
|
| PLAY
|-
| $ca
| >
|
| DLOAD
|-
| $cb
| =
|
| RENUM
|-
| $cc
| <
|
| FN
|-
| $cd
| USING
|
| USING
|-
| $ff80
| SGN
| SGN
|
|-
| $ff81
| INT
| INT
|
|-
| $ff82
| ABS
| ABS
|
|-
| $ff83
| POS
| USR
|
|-
| $ff84
| RND
| RND
|
|-
| $ff85
| SQR
| SIN
|
|-
| $ff86
| LOG
| PEEK
|
|-
| $ff87
| EXP
| LEN
|
|-
| $ff88
| SIN
| STR$
|
|-
| $ff89
| COS
| VAL
|
|-
| $ff8a
| TAN
| ASC
|
|-
| $ff8b
| ATN
| CHR$
|
|-
| $ff8c
| PEEK
| EOF
|
|-
| $ff8d
| LEN
| JOYSTK
|
|-
| $ff8e
| STR$
| LEFT$
|
|-
| $ff8f
| VAL
| RIGHT$
|
|-
| $ff90
| ASC
| MID$
|
|-
| $ff91
| CHR$
| POINT
|
|-
| $ff92
| EOF
| INKEY$
|
|-
| $ff93
| JOYSTK
| MEM
|
|-
| $ff94
| FIX
|
| ATN
|-
| $ff95
| HEX$
|
| COS
|-
| $ff96
| LEFT$
|
| TAN
|-
| $ff97
| RIGHT$
|
| EXP
|-
| $ff98
| MID$
|
| FIX
|-
| $ff99
| POINT
|
| LOG
|-
| $ff9a
| INKEY$
|
| POS
|-
| $ff9b
| MEM
|
| SQR
|-
| $ff9c
| VARPTR
|
| HEX$
|-
| $ff9d
| INSTR
|
| VARPTR
|-
| $ff9e
| TIMER
|
| INSTR
|-
| $ff9f
| PPOINT
|
| TIMER
|-
| $ffa0
| STRING$
|
| PPOINT
|-
| $ffa1
| USR
|
| STRING$
|-
|}

== Links ==

* CoCo - Color BASIC 1.3 tokens: http://sourceforge.net/p/toolshed/code/ci/default/tree/cocoroms/bas.asm
* CoCo - Extended Color BASIC 1.1 tokens: http://sourceforge.net/p/toolshed/code/ci/default/tree/cocoroms/extbas.asm

[[Category:Documentation]] [[Category:Software]] [[Category:Development]]

Tokens

2014-08-27T10:18:47Z

Jedie: update CoCo tokens: https://github.com/jedie/DragonPy/commit/ba643b9efb0b4d46448450d5448c67a4aeae4846

== Dragon 32 / CoCo tokens ==

(Generated with a Python script: https://github.com/jedie/DragonPy/blob/master/dragonlib/CoCo/basic_tokens.py )

* "CoCo A": - Tokens from Color BASIC 1.3
* "CoCo B": - Additional tokens from Extended Color BASIC 1.1 only
{| class="wikitable" style="font-family: monospace; background-color:#ffffcc;" cellpadding="10"
|-
! value
! Dragon
token
! CoCo A
token
! CoCo B
token

|-
| $80
| FOR
| FOR
|
|-
| $81
| GO
| GO
|
|-
| $82
| REM
| REM
|
|-
| $83
| '
| '
|
|-
| $84
| ELSE
| ELSE
|
|-
| $85
| IF
| IF
|
|-
| $86
| DATA
| DATA
|
|-
| $87
| PRINT
| PRINT
|
|-
| $88
| ON
| ON
|
|-
| $89
| INPUT
| INPUT
|
|-
| $8a
| END
| END
|
|-
| $8b
| NEXT
| NEXT
|
|-
| $8c
| DIM
| DIM
|
|-
| $8d
| READ
| READ
|
|-
| $8e
| LET
| RUN
|
|-
| $8f
| RUN
| RESTORE
|
|-
| $90
| RESTORE
| RETURN
|
|-
| $91
| RETURN
| STOP
|
|-
| $92
| STOP
| POKE
|
|-
| $93
| POKE
| CONT
|
|-
| $94
| CONT
| LIST
|
|-
| $95
| LIST
| CLEAR
|
|-
| $96
| CLEAR
| NEW
|
|-
| $97
| NEW
| CLOAD
|
|-
| $98
| DEF
| CSAVE
|
|-
| $99
| CLOAD
| OPEN
|
|-
| $9a
| CSAVE
| CLOSE
|
|-
| $9b
| OPEN
| LLIST
|
|-
| $9c
| CLOSE
| SET
|
|-
| $9d
| LLIST
| RESET
|
|-
| $9e
| SET
| CLS
|
|-
| $9f
| RESET
| MOTOR
|
|-
| $a0
| CLS
| SOUND
|
|-
| $a1
| MOTOR
| AUDIO
|
|-
| $a2
| SOUND
| EXEC
|
|-
| $a3
| AUDIO
| SKIPF
|
|-
| $a4
| EXEC
| TAB(
|
|-
| $a5
| SKIPF
| TO
|
|-
| $a6
| DEL
| SUB
|
|-
| $a7
| EDIT
| THEN
|
|-
| $a8
| TRON
| NOT
|
|-
| $a9
| TROFF
| STEP
|
|-
| $aa
| LINE
| OFF
|
|-
| $ab
| PCLS
| +
|
|-
| $ac
| PSET
| -
|
|-
| $ad
| PRESET
| *
|
|-
| $ae
| SCREEN
| /
|
|-
| $af
| PCLEAR
| ^
|
|-
| $b0
| COLOR
| AND
|
|-
| $b1
| CIRCLE
| OR
|
|-
| $b2
| PAINT
| >
|
|-
| $b3
| GET
| =
|
|-
| $b4
| PUT
| <
|
|-
| $b5
| DRAW
|
| DEL
|-
| $b6
| PCOPY
|
| EDIT
|-
| $b7
| PMODE
|
| TRON
|-
| $b8
| PLAY
|
| TROFF
|-
| $b9
| DLOAD
|
| DEF
|-
| $ba
| RENUM
|
| LET
|-
| $bb
| TAB(
|
| LINE
|-
| $bc
| TO
|
| PCLS
|-
| $bd
| SUB
|
| PSET
|-
| $be
| FN
|
| PRESET
|-
| $bf
| THEN
|
| SCREEN
|-
| $c0
| NOT
|
| PCLEAR
|-
| $c1
| STEP
|
| COLOR
|-
| $c2
| OFF
|
| CIRCLE
|-
| $c3
| +
|
| PAINT
|-
| $c4
| -
|
| GET
|-
| $c5
| *
|
| PUT
|-
| $c6
| /
|
| DRAW
|-
| $c7
| ^
|
| PCOPY
|-
| $c8
| AND
|
| PMODE
|-
| $c9
| OR
|
| PLAY
|-
| $ca
| >
|
| DLOAD
|-
| $cb
| =
|
| RENUM
|-
| $cc
| <
|
| FN
|-
| $cd
| USING
|
| USING
|-
| $ff80
| SGN
| SGN
|
|-
| $ff81
| INT
| INT
|
|-
| $ff82
| ABS
| ABS
|
|-
| $ff83
| POS
| USR
|
|-
| $ff84
| RND
| RND
|
|-
| $ff85
| SQR
| SIN
|
|-
| $ff86
| LOG
| PEEK
|
|-
| $ff87
| EXP
| LEN
|
|-
| $ff88
| SIN
| STR$
|
|-
| $ff89
| COS
| VAL
|
|-
| $ff8a
| TAN
| ASC
|
|-
| $ff8b
| ATN
| CHR$
|
|-
| $ff8c
| PEEK
| EOF
|
|-
| $ff8d
| LEN
| JOYSTK
|
|-
| $ff8e
| STR$
| LEFT$
|
|-
| $ff8f
| VAL
| RIGHT$
|
|-
| $ff90
| ASC
| MID$
|
|-
| $ff91
| CHR$
| POINT
|
|-
| $ff92
| EOF
| INKEY$
|
|-
| $ff93
| JOYSTK
| MEM
|
|-
| $ff94
| FIX
|
| ATN
|-
| $ff95
| HEX$
|
| COS
|-
| $ff96
| LEFT$
|
| TAN
|-
| $ff97
| RIGHT$
|
| EXP
|-
| $ff98
| MID$
|
| FIX
|-
| $ff99
| POINT
|
| LOG
|-
| $ff9a
| INKEY$
|
| POS
|-
| $ff9b
| MEM
|
| SQR
|-
| $ff9c
| VARPTR
|
| HEX$
|-
| $ff9d
| INSTR
|
| VARPTR
|-
| $ff9e
| TIMER
|
| INSTR
|-
| $ff9f
| PPOINT
|
| TIMER
|-
| $ffa0
| STRING$
|
| PPOINT
|-
| $ffa1
| USR
|
| STRING$
|-
|}

== Links ==

* CoCo Tokens: http://sourceforge.net/p/toolshed/code/ci/default/tree/cocoroms/bas.asm

[[Category:Documentation]] [[Category:Software]] [[Category:Development]]

Tokens

2014-08-20T19:41:20Z

Jedie: add missing 0xff80: "SGN" for coco

== Dragon 32 / CoCo tokens ==

(Generated with a Python script: https://github.com/jedie/DragonPy/blob/master/dragonlib/CoCo/basic_tokens.py )

{| class="wikitable" style="font-family: monospace; background-color:#ffffcc;" cellpadding="10"
|-
! value
! Dragon
token
! CoCo
token

|-
| $80
| FOR
| FOR
|-
| $81
| GO
| GO
|-
| $82
| REM
| REM
|-
| $83
| '
| '
|-
| $84
| ELSE
| ELSE
|-
| $85
| IF
| IF
|-
| $86
| DATA
| DATA
|-
| $87
| PRINT
| PRINT
|-
| $88
| ON
| ON
|-
| $89
| INPUT
| INPUT
|-
| $8a
| END
| END
|-
| $8b
| NEXT
| NEXT
|-
| $8c
| DIM
| DIM
|-
| $8d
| READ
| READ
|-
| $8e
| LET
| RUN
|-
| $8f
| RUN
| RESTORE
|-
| $90
| RESTORE
| RETURN
|-
| $91
| RETURN
| STOP
|-
| $92
| STOP
| POKE
|-
| $93
| POKE
| CONT
|-
| $94
| CONT
| LIST
|-
| $95
| LIST
| CLEAR
|-
| $96
| CLEAR
| NEW
|-
| $97
| NEW
| CLOAD
|-
| $98
| DEF
| CSAVE
|-
| $99
| CLOAD
| OPEN
|-
| $9a
| CSAVE
| CLOSE
|-
| $9b
| OPEN
| LLIST
|-
| $9c
| CLOSE
| SET
|-
| $9d
| LLIST
| RESET
|-
| $9e
| SET
| CLS
|-
| $9f
| RESET
| MOTOR
|-
| $a0
| CLS
| SOUND
|-
| $a1
| MOTOR
| AUDIO
|-
| $a2
| SOUND
| EXEC
|-
| $a3
| AUDIO
| SKIPF
|-
| $a4
| EXEC
| TAB(
|-
| $a5
| SKIPF
| TO
|-
| $a6
| DEL
| SUB
|-
| $a7
| EDIT
| THEN
|-
| $a8
| TRON
| NOT
|-
| $a9
| TROFF
| STEP
|-
| $aa
| LINE
| OFF
|-
| $ab
| PCLS
| +
|-
| $ac
| PSET
| -
|-
| $ad
| PRESET
| *
|-
| $ae
| SCREEN
| /
|-
| $af
| PCLEAR
| ^
|-
| $b0
| COLOR
| AND
|-
| $b1
| CIRCLE
| OR
|-
| $b2
| PAINT
| >
|-
| $b3
| GET
| =
|-
| $b4
| PUT
| <
|-
| $b5
| DRAW
|
|-
| $b6
| PCOPY
|
|-
| $b7
| PMODE
|
|-
| $b8
| PLAY
|
|-
| $b9
| DLOAD
|
|-
| $ba
| RENUM
|
|-
| $bb
| TAB(
|
|-
| $bc
| TO
|
|-
| $bd
| SUB
|
|-
| $be
| FN
|
|-
| $bf
| THEN
|
|-
| $c0
| NOT
|
|-
| $c1
| STEP
|
|-
| $c2
| OFF
|
|-
| $c3
| +
|
|-
| $c4
| -
|
|-
| $c5
| *
|
|-
| $c6
| /
|
|-
| $c7
| ^
|
|-
| $c8
| AND
|
|-
| $c9
| OR
|
|-
| $ca
| >
|
|-
| $cb
| =
|
|-
| $cc
| <
|
|-
| $cd
| USING
|
|-
| $ff80
| SGN
| SGN
|-
| $ff81
| INT
| INT
|-
| $ff82
| ABS
| ABS
|-
| $ff83
| POS
| USR
|-
| $ff84
| RND
| RND
|-
| $ff85
| SQR
| SIN
|-
| $ff86
| LOG
| PEEK
|-
| $ff87
| EXP
| LEN
|-
| $ff88
| SIN
| STR$
|-
| $ff89
| COS
| VAL
|-
| $ff8a
| TAN
| ASC
|-
| $ff8b
| ATN
| CHR$
|-
| $ff8c
| PEEK
| EOF
|-
| $ff8d
| LEN
| JOYSTK
|-
| $ff8e
| STR$
| LEFT$
|-
| $ff8f
| VAL
| RIGHT$
|-
| $ff90
| ASC
| MID$
|-
| $ff91
| CHR$
| POINT
|-
| $ff92
| EOF
| INKEY$
|-
| $ff93
| JOYSTK
| MEM
|-
| $ff94
| FIX
|
|-
| $ff95
| HEX$
|
|-
| $ff96
| LEFT$
|
|-
| $ff97
| RIGHT$
|
|-
| $ff98
| MID$
|
|-
| $ff99
| POINT
|
|-
| $ff9a
| INKEY$
|
|-
| $ff9b
| MEM
|
|-
| $ff9c
| VARPTR
|
|-
| $ff9d
| INSTR
|
|-
| $ff9e
| TIMER
|
|-
| $ff9f
| PPOINT
|
|-
| $ffa0
| STRING$
|
|-
| $ffa1
| USR
|
|-
|}

== Links ==

* CoCo Tokens: http://sourceforge.net/p/toolshed/code/ci/default/tree/cocoroms/bas.asm

[[Category:Documentation]] [[Category:Software]] [[Category:Development]]

Tokens

2014-08-20T19:34:08Z

Jedie: Created page with '== Dragon 32 / CoCo tokens == (Generated with a Python script: https://github.com/jedie/DragonPy/blob/master/dragonlib/CoCo/basic_tokens.py ) {| class="wikitable" style="font-f...'

== Dragon 32 / CoCo tokens ==

(Generated with a Python script: https://github.com/jedie/DragonPy/blob/master/dragonlib/CoCo/basic_tokens.py )

{| class="wikitable" style="font-family: monospace; background-color:#ffffcc;" cellpadding="10"
|-
! value
! Dragon
token
! CoCo
token

|-
| $80
| FOR
| FOR
|-
| $81
| GO
| GO
|-
| $82
| REM
| REM
|-
| $83
| '
| '
|-
| $84
| ELSE
| ELSE
|-
| $85
| IF
| IF
|-
| $86
| DATA
| DATA
|-
| $87
| PRINT
| PRINT
|-
| $88
| ON
| ON
|-
| $89
| INPUT
| INPUT
|-
| $8a
| END
| END
|-
| $8b
| NEXT
| NEXT
|-
| $8c
| DIM
| DIM
|-
| $8d
| READ
| READ
|-
| $8e
| LET
| RUN
|-
| $8f
| RUN
| RESTORE
|-
| $90
| RESTORE
| RETURN
|-
| $91
| RETURN
| STOP
|-
| $92
| STOP
| POKE
|-
| $93
| POKE
| CONT
|-
| $94
| CONT
| LIST
|-
| $95
| LIST
| CLEAR
|-
| $96
| CLEAR
| NEW
|-
| $97
| NEW
| CLOAD
|-
| $98
| DEF
| CSAVE
|-
| $99
| CLOAD
| OPEN
|-
| $9a
| CSAVE
| CLOSE
|-
| $9b
| OPEN
| LLIST
|-
| $9c
| CLOSE
| SET
|-
| $9d
| LLIST
| RESET
|-
| $9e
| SET
| CLS
|-
| $9f
| RESET
| MOTOR
|-
| $a0
| CLS
| SOUND
|-
| $a1
| MOTOR
| AUDIO
|-
| $a2
| SOUND
| EXEC
|-
| $a3
| AUDIO
| SKIPF
|-
| $a4
| EXEC
| TAB(
|-
| $a5
| SKIPF
| TO
|-
| $a6
| DEL
| SUB
|-
| $a7
| EDIT
| THEN
|-
| $a8
| TRON
| NOT
|-
| $a9
| TROFF
| STEP
|-
| $aa
| LINE
| OFF
|-
| $ab
| PCLS
| +
|-
| $ac
| PSET
| -
|-
| $ad
| PRESET
| *
|-
| $ae
| SCREEN
| /
|-
| $af
| PCLEAR
| ^
|-
| $b0
| COLOR
| AND
|-
| $b1
| CIRCLE
| OR
|-
| $b2
| PAINT
| >
|-
| $b3
| GET
| =
|-
| $b4
| PUT
| <
|-
| $b5
| DRAW
|
|-
| $b6
| PCOPY
|
|-
| $b7
| PMODE
|
|-
| $b8
| PLAY
|
|-
| $b9
| DLOAD
|
|-
| $ba
| RENUM
|
|-
| $bb
| TAB(
|
|-
| $bc
| TO
|
|-
| $bd
| SUB
|
|-
| $be
| FN
|
|-
| $bf
| THEN
|
|-
| $c0
| NOT
|
|-
| $c1
| STEP
|
|-
| $c2
| OFF
|
|-
| $c3
| +
|
|-
| $c4
| -
|
|-
| $c5
| *
|
|-
| $c6
| /
|
|-
| $c7
| ^
|
|-
| $c8
| AND
|
|-
| $c9
| OR
|
|-
| $ca
| >
|
|-
| $cb
| =
|
|-
| $cc
| <
|
|-
| $cd
| USING
|
|-
| $ff80
| SGN
|
|-
| $ff81
| INT
| INT
|-
| $ff82
| ABS
| ABS
|-
| $ff83
| POS
| USR
|-
| $ff84
| RND
| RND
|-
| $ff85
| SQR
| SIN
|-
| $ff86
| LOG
| PEEK
|-
| $ff87
| EXP
| LEN
|-
| $ff88
| SIN
| STR$
|-
| $ff89
| COS
| VAL
|-
| $ff8a
| TAN
| ASC
|-
| $ff8b
| ATN
| CHR$
|-
| $ff8c
| PEEK
| EOF
|-
| $ff8d
| LEN
| JOYSTK
|-
| $ff8e
| STR$
| LEFT$
|-
| $ff8f
| VAL
| RIGHT$
|-
| $ff90
| ASC
| MID$
|-
| $ff91
| CHR$
| POINT
|-
| $ff92
| EOF
| INKEY$
|-
| $ff93
| JOYSTK
| MEM
|-
| $ff94
| FIX
|
|-
| $ff95
| HEX$
|
|-
| $ff96
| LEFT$
|
|-
| $ff97
| RIGHT$
|
|-
| $ff98
| MID$
|
|-
| $ff99
| POINT
|
|-
| $ff9a
| INKEY$
|
|-
| $ff9b
| MEM
|
|-
| $ff9c
| VARPTR
|
|-
| $ff9d
| INSTR
|
|-
| $ff9e
| TIMER
|
|-
| $ff9f
| PPOINT
|
|-
| $ffa0
| STRING$
|
|-
| $ffa1
| USR
|
|-
|}

== Links ==

* CoCo Tokens: http://sourceforge.net/p/toolshed/code/ci/default/tree/cocoroms/bas.asm

[[Category:Documentation]] [[Category:Software]] [[Category:Development]]